化學(xué)選修四化學(xué)方程式-文庫吧資料
2024-10-28 18:00本頁面
【正文】 i(粗)+2Cl===SiCl4(SiCl4+2H2===Si(純)+4HCl)Si(粉)+O2===SiO2Si+C===SiC(金剛砂)Si+2NaOH+H2O===Na2SiO3+2H23，（堿中）歧化Cl2+H2O===HCl+HClO（加酸抑制歧化，加堿或光照促進(jìn)歧化）Cl2+2NaOH===NaCl+NaClO+H2O2Cl2+2Ca（OH）2===CaCl2+Ca（ClO）2+2H2O3Cl2+6KOH（熱，濃）===5KCl+KClO3+3H2O3S+6NaOH===2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O4P+3KOH（濃）+3H2O===PH3+3KH2PO211P+15CuSO4+24H2O===5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO43C+CaO===CaC2+CO3C+SiO2===SiC+2CO二，金屬單質(zhì)（Na，Mg，Al，F(xiàn)e）的還原性2Na+H2===2NaH4Na+O2===2Na2O2Na2O+O2===2Na2O22Na+O2===Na2O2 2Na+S===Na2S（爆炸）2Na+2H2O===2NaOH+H22Na+2NH3===2NaNH2+H24Na+TiCl4（熔融）===4NaCl+TiMg+Cl2===MgCl2Mg+Br2===MgBr22Mg+O2===2MgOMg+S===MgSMg+2H2O===Mg（OH）2+H2高中化學(xué)方程式大全2Mg+TiCl4（熔融）===Ti+2MgCl2Mg+2RbCl===MgCl2+2Rb2Mg+CO2===2MgO+C2Mg+SiO2===2MgO+SiMg+H2S===MgS+H2Mg+H2SO4===MgSO4+H22Al+3Cl2===2AlCl34Al+3O2===2Al2O3（鈍化）4Al(Hg)+3O2+2xH2O===2()+4Hg4Al+3MnO2===2Al2O3+3Mn2Al+Cr2O3===Al2O3+2Cr2Al+Fe2O3===Al2O3+2Fe2Al+3FeO===Al2O3+3Fe2Al+6HCl===2AlCl3+3H22Al+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H22Al+6H2SO4(濃)===Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O(Al,Fe在冷,濃的H2SO4,HNO3中鈍化)Al+4HNO(稀)===Al(NO3)3+NO+2H2O2Al+2NaOH+2H2O===2NaAlO2+3H22Fe+3Br2===2FeBr3Fe+I2===FeI2Fe+S===FeS3Fe+4H2O(g)===Fe3O4+4H2Fe+2HCl===FeCl2+H2Fe+CuCl2===FeCl2+CuFe+SnCl4===FeCl2+SnCl2(鐵在酸性環(huán)境下,不能把四氯化錫完全還原為單質(zhì)錫 Fe+SnCl2==FeCl2+Sn)三, 非金屬氫化物(HF,HCl,H2O,H2S,NH3)1,還原性:4HCl(濃)+MnO2===MnCl2+Cl2+2H2O4HCl(g)+O2===2Cl2+2H2O16HCl+2KMnO4===2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2+8H2O14HCl+K2Cr2O7===2KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2+7H2O2H2O+2F2===4HF+O22H2S+3O2(足量)===2SO2+2H2O2H2S+O2(少量)===2S+2H2O2H2S+SO2===3S+2H2OH2S+H2SO4(濃)===S+SO2+2H2O3H2S+2HNO(稀)===3S+2NO+4H2O5H2S+2KMnO4+3H2SO4===2MnSO4+K2SO4+5S+8H2O3H2S+K2Cr2O7+4H2SO4===Cr2(SO4)3+K2SO4+3S+7H2OH2S+4Na2O2+2H2O===Na2SO4+6NaOH2NH3+3CuO===3Cu+N2+3H2O2NH3+3Cl2===N2+6HCl8NH3+3Cl2===N2+6NH4Cl4NH3+3O2(純氧)===2N2+6H2O4NH3+5O2===4NO+6H2O4NH3+6NO===5N2+6HO(用氨清除NO)NaH+H2O===NaOH+H24NaH+TiCl4===Ti+4NaCl+2H2CaH2+2H2O===Ca(OH)2+2H22,酸性:4HF+SiO2===SiF4+2H2O（此反應(yīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于測定礦樣或鋼樣中SiO2的含量）2HF+CaCl2===CaF2+2HClH2S+Fe===FeS+H2H2S+CuCl2===CuS+2HClH2S+2AgNO3===Ag2S+2HNO3H2S+HgCl2===HgS+2HClH2S+Pb(NO3)2===PbS+2HNO3H2S+FeCl2===2NH3+2Na==2NaNH2+H2(NaNH2+H2O===NaOH+NH3)3，堿性：NH3+HCl===NH4ClNH3+HNO3===NH4NO32NH3+H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4NH3+NaCl+H2O+CO2===NaHCO3+NH4Cl（此反應(yīng)用于工業(yè)制備小蘇打，蘇打）4，不穩(wěn)定性：2HF===H2+F22HCl===H2+Cl22H2O===2H2+O22H2O2===2H2O+O2H2S===H2+S2NH3===N2+3H2四，非金屬氧化物低價(jià)態(tài)的還原性：2SO2+O2===2SO32SO2+O2+2H2O===2H2SO4（這是SO2在大氣中緩慢發(fā)生的環(huán)境化學(xué)反應(yīng)）SO2+Cl2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HClSO2+Br2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HBrSO2+I2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HIS
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