【正文】 是在維護(hù)正義。為什么要維護(hù)社會(huì)規(guī)則和秩序正義和正義制度是面向全體社會(huì)成員的，它要求每一個(gè)人都必須遵守制度，沒(méi)有人可以例外。④正義有利于增進(jìn)人與人之間的溝通、理解，有利于社會(huì)的和諧發(fā)展。如果沒(méi)有正義制度規(guī)則的支持，就難以實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)公平。制度的正義性在于，它的程序與規(guī)則不是為少數(shù)人制定的，而是為所有社會(huì)成員的利益指定的。什么是正義行為？什么是非正義行為？在社會(huì)進(jìn)程中，凡促進(jìn)人類社會(huì)進(jìn)步與發(fā)展、維護(hù)公共利益和他人正當(dāng)利益的行為，都是正義行為；凡阻礙人類社會(huì)進(jìn)步與發(fā)展、損害公共利益和他人正當(dāng)權(quán)益的行為，都是非正義的行為。③所以，期盼正義、維護(hù)正義，是所有善良人的共同心聲。被人欺負(fù)了，有人斥責(zé)欺人者；受委屈了，有地方鳴冤申訴；被侵權(quán)了，有法律制裁侵權(quán)者；有困難了有人伸出援助之手。樹(shù)立公平合作的意識(shí)，有助于我們順利地融人社會(huì)，為社會(huì)做出貢獻(xiàn)第十課 我們維護(hù)正義期盼正義，維護(hù)正義，是所有善良人的共同心聲，談?wù)勀銓?duì)正義的理解。因?yàn)椋涸谶@種合作中，人們各自的積極性和創(chuàng)造性得到應(yīng)有的發(fā)揮，個(gè)人的利益得到應(yīng)有的保障；同時(shí)也避免了不必要的內(nèi)耗，推動(dòng)社會(huì)高效和諧地運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。公平與否的判斷受什么制約？公平與否的判斷，受到個(gè)人價(jià)值觀念、思維方式的制約。②我們可以調(diào)整自己的思維方式，理性地反思自己的價(jià)值觀念，或許我們會(huì)更加客觀地對(duì)待生活中的“不公平”現(xiàn)象。盡管如此，我們?nèi)匀灰獮閯?chuàng)造一個(gè)更加公平的社會(huì)作出不懈努力。正確認(rèn)識(shí)公平的相對(duì)性公平總是會(huì)受到一定社會(huì)條件的制約，任何社會(huì)都會(huì)存在一些不公平的現(xiàn)象。社會(huì)合作交往中，如果受到不公平對(duì)待，會(huì)產(chǎn)生怎樣的心理和行為？這種心理和行為有什么危害？人們?cè)谏鐣?huì)合作交往中，如果受到不公平對(duì)待，產(chǎn)生不公平感覺(jué)，就會(huì)感到冤枉、氣憤，甚至導(dǎo)致報(bào)復(fù)行為。公平對(duì)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定、個(gè)人發(fā)展的重要性：有了公平，社會(huì)才為人的發(fā)展提供平等的權(quán)利和機(jī)會(huì)，每個(gè)社會(huì)成員的生存和發(fā)展才有保障；有了公平，我們才可能通過(guò)誠(chéng)實(shí)勞動(dòng)，得到自己應(yīng)得的東西，滿足自己的合理期望，從而充分調(diào)動(dòng)自身的積極性。③公平是相對(duì)的，其判定跟選擇的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有關(guān)，其實(shí)現(xiàn)跟當(dāng)時(shí)的歷史條件有關(guān)，任何社會(huì)都會(huì)存在一些不公平的現(xiàn)象。②公平是在比較中產(chǎn)生的。①公平是社會(huì)生活中的一個(gè)重要主題。公平關(guān)系到每個(gè)人的切身利益，公平是維系良好合作的重要前提，公平是社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定器。② Although he was tired, he went on he had only entered the contest for fun, he won first ，卻贏得了頭等獎(jiǎng)。它所引導(dǎo)的從句不能與并列連詞but，and，so等連用，但可以和yet，still等詞連用。Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you ，為的是以后好打電話給你。2).so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句so that是連詞，意為―為的是，以便‖，引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。The young man read till the light went ’s wait until the rain won’t start until Bob e Don’t get off until the bus in this direction until you see a 。Until：在帶有till或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句里如果主句用肯定式，其含義是―一直到……時(shí)‖，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。1).until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句until意為―直到；在........之前‖。狀語(yǔ)從句有好幾種，如時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句等。You could go out and buy her some 。could的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could既是can的過(guò)去式，表示過(guò)去的能力，又可以表示謹(jǐn)慎、客氣的建議，后接動(dòng)詞原形，其否定形式為couldn’t?！拘稳萑擞胦f】【2012山東東營(yíng)】It’s very convenient ___ us to buy train tickets now because we can buy them either from the station or on the ① It’s important for us _______(learn)English well.②It’s hard for us ____________(finish)this task in two days.()③ It’s very nice ____ you to help me a ()④ –It’s very ___ of you to work out the problem for on happening 持續(xù)發(fā)生【解析】keep on doing 繼續(xù)做某事 keep sth 讓某人一直做某事 keep up with 跟上keep doing sth阻止某人做某事 keep away from避開(kāi) kept _________(work)here for nearly 30 、重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法 should的用法should為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示勸告、建議，意為―應(yīng)該‖，它和其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后接動(dòng)詞原形，其否定形式為shouldn’t?！痵 。⑷maybe―或許，大概‖，主要用于非正式場(chǎng)合，常用在口語(yǔ)中，語(yǔ)氣比perhaps輕。⑶possibly意為―可能，或許，也許‖，可能性較大。⑵probably―很可能，大概‖，其可能性最大，表示一種幾乎完全肯定的意思?！窘馕觥縤n one’s opinion 以某人的觀點(diǎn)； 在某人看來(lái) children/ parents should / could......或許孩子們/父母應(yīng)該/ 可能.......【解析】perhaps 也許；可能【拓展】perhaps，probably，possibly，maybe辨析 ⑴perhaps意為―也許，可能‖，一般指比較小的可能性。for 。into 。He made a good excuse for his 。The reason he was driving so fast was that he didn’t want to miss an important 。for()②Every year driving after drinking wine ____ a lot of traffic 【拓展】 cause, reason, excuse辨析⑴cause ，指引起某種結(jié)果的―原因‖， cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too 。for ?！窘馕觥?cause ，使發(fā)生(1)cause do sth 使某人做某事(2)cause ()①She always ___ trouble ___ ?！窘馕?】be good for 對(duì)......有好處【拓展】good(better。to pare。to pare。【解析】have time to do sth 有時(shí)間做某事 they are always paring them with other 。a kind kind of。kind of kind of。well 。well 。That kind of question is difficult to ?！窘馕?】send→ sent → sent v 發(fā)送【短語(yǔ)】： send away 趕走 send for 派人去請(qǐng)send off 寄出 send out 分發(fā) send up 發(fā)射send = send sth to 【注】類似的動(dòng)詞有：show(展示； 給……看)give(給)lend(借出)offer（提供）return（歸還）tell（告訴）()① You fill in both parts of the form, up it for it it away it off()Please send a photo of your family ____ 【解析2】all kinds of 各種各樣的【拓展】kind(1)n 種類kind of +，有幾分，kind of cold 有點(diǎn)冷 a kind of 一種的，某種的 all kinds of 各種各樣的different kinds of 不同種類的 What kind of…?那種(2) be kind to sb.= be good to sb.=be friendly to 【辨析】kind of 與kinds of: ○1kind of 單獨(dú)用，表示―有點(diǎn)‖，后接形容詞或副詞： He is kind of thin.‖他有點(diǎn)瘦‖ I feel kind of hungry.‖我有點(diǎn)餓‖Uncle Wang speaks kind of 。She won’t last long in that 。After doing his homework, he went on to preview his ，他繼續(xù)去預(yù)習(xí)他的研究。⑵ go on指無(wú)間歇或有間歇地繼續(xù)，或以某種特定方式繼續(xù)?！窘馕觥縞ontinue 繼續(xù)；持續(xù)【拓展】continue doing sth =go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事(前后做同一件事)continue to do sth = go on to do sth 繼續(xù)做某事（前后不是同一件事）①Let’s continue____________(read)the text.②Many students hope to continue ________(study)after _______(finish)school.（）③ The two teams continued _____ the game after half an play 【拓展】continue，go on, last辨析⑴continue ，持續(xù)，指進(jìn)程在時(shí)間或空間上的延續(xù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)不斷，有時(shí)也可以指短暫停止后繼續(xù)進(jìn)行?！窘馕觥縄t’s time for sth 是到做某事的時(shí)候了。passing 。pass 。it’s out in down off really want them to be 。The Blacks are getting ready for the holiday.【解析】typical 典型的 be typical of ―是……的特點(diǎn)‖30..Maybe I could cut out a few of their activities, but I believe these activities are important for my children’s ，但是我相信這些活動(dòng)對(duì)孩子們的未來(lái)很重要?！窘馕?】The Taylors 泰勒一家?！窘馕觥?others pron.―其他的人或事物‖There are other ways of doing 。 days , Chinese children are sometimes busier on weekends than weekdays because they have to take so many afterschool ，中國(guó)的孩子有時(shí)周末比平常還要忙，因?yàn)樗麄儾坏貌簧夏敲炊嗟恼n后輔導(dǎo)班?！窘馕觥縤mprove =make...better 改進(jìn) →improvement n 提高 gives their opinions about the problem? 對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題都有誰(shuí)提出了他們自己的觀點(diǎn)。【解析】press v 按；壓 →pressure壓力⑴不可數(shù)名詞（物理學(xué)）壓力air pressure 氣壓 blood pressure 血壓⑵不可數(shù)名詞 還可指精神上、外界施加的壓力 = stress under pressure 在壓力下 have to pete with my classmates at ?！窘馕觥?be worried about 【拓展】worry v 擔(dān)心 → worried worry about = be worried about 為…擔(dān)心 ①Don’t be _________(worry).You’ll catch up with others.()② Don’t ____ about things so will make you stressed cousin borrows my things without returning 。【解析】explain 解釋；說(shuō)明 → explanation n 解釋；說(shuō)明explain sth to 。Health is very important to should eat more vegetables and fruit _____ rich of of 【解析2】 whatever = no matter what 任何，每一 your parents are having problems, you should offer to ，你應(yīng)該主動(dòng)提供幫助。(2)instead of +n/doing 代替，而不是，放在句中instead of 為介詞短語(yǔ)，后面一般接名詞、代詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或動(dòng)名詞形式?！窘馕?】 instead 代替，反而，替(1)instead 副詞，代替，常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情沒(méi)做，而做了后面的事情?！居洝?My ______brother is 7 years older than my younger sister.【解析2】be nice to be friendly to good to always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV ?！窘馕?