【正文】 峽工程的動(dòng)態(tài)投資2000多個(gè)億，三峽發(fā)電站發(fā)電功能巨大，5年之內(nèi)，就可以收回成本，三峽工程不僅給我們帶來(lái)了光明，而且創(chuàng)造了財(cái)富，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益非常顯著。這與它得天獨(dú)厚的地址地形條件分不開，廟河寬谷河床的開闊有利于容納布置工程眾多的建筑物，壩址基石為堅(jiān)硬的花崗巖，是世界公認(rèn)的建筑大壩的最好的地址構(gòu)造，江心有狹長(zhǎng)的沙洲—中堡島，將江水一分為二，一邊為大江，一邊為后河，為大壩提供了分期施工、分期導(dǎo)流的條件。三峽工程自從1919年由孫中山先生在《建國(guó)方案》中提出，經(jīng)歷七、八十年的中外專家反復(fù)考察論證，其可行性方案于1992年全國(guó)人大七界五次會(huì)議中通過(guò)。三峽工程的興建將使長(zhǎng)江中下游城鎮(zhèn)的供水和農(nóng)田排灌用水用電有了保證，對(duì)跨流域南水北調(diào)提供了充足的水源。其他的效益還有南水北調(diào)、開發(fā)性移民、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖、旅游觀光、環(huán)境保護(hù)、農(nóng)田灌溉、等等。從這個(gè)意義上講，三峽工程的興建將促進(jìn)長(zhǎng)江航運(yùn)事業(yè)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，提高行運(yùn)的安全度，加強(qiáng)西南、華中、華東、三大經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的聯(lián)系，促進(jìn)沿江長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的發(fā)展。三峽工程建成后，回水至重慶巴縣，險(xiǎn)灘淹沒(méi)，航道加寬，水流趨緩，可改善航道650公里，時(shí)速由目前15公里/小時(shí)提高到30公里/小時(shí)，萬(wàn)噸級(jí)船隊(duì)一年中有50%的時(shí)間可由武漢直抵重慶，運(yùn)輸成本可降35%—37%，結(jié)合港口建設(shè)和船舶現(xiàn)代化，下水單向年通航能力將從目前的1000萬(wàn)噸增加到5000萬(wàn)噸。長(zhǎng)江橫貫中國(guó)東西，干流延展18個(gè)省市，水運(yùn)條件十分優(yōu)越，素有“黃金水道”之稱長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，雖然國(guó)家對(duì)航道和港口進(jìn)行了較大規(guī)模大的整治和建設(shè)，但長(zhǎng)江航運(yùn)發(fā)展仍未能適應(yīng)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要，特別是宜昌至重慶650公里川江航道，落差大、水流急、險(xiǎn)灘密布，事故多發(fā)生在此地。參觀完宏偉壯觀的三峽工程后，可以乘車下行，也可以乘船繼續(xù)游覽三峽的美麗景色。其實(shí)，垂直升船機(jī)的機(jī)械原理與大家常乘坐的升降電梯的原理類似。講到這里，有的游客也許會(huì)問(wèn)：“中小型客船怎樣過(guò)壩呢？是否也要花費(fèi)這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間呢？”那么我可以請(qǐng)大家放心，為了使普通客貨輪能快速過(guò)壩，我們?cè)?85平臺(tái)旁設(shè)計(jì)了另外一個(gè)永久性的通航建筑物—單線一級(jí)垂直升船機(jī)。由人工開挖的永久船閘鑲嵌于花崗巖山體之中，全稱為雙線五線連續(xù)梯級(jí)船閘，它是世界上最大的內(nèi)河船閘，上下游水位落差高達(dá)113米（上游水位海拔高度為175米，下游葛洲壩庫(kù)區(qū)水位海拔高度為62米，這么高的水位落差相當(dāng)于一個(gè)三十多層高的摩天大廈）；所謂“雙線”，既大家看到的兩個(gè)凹槽，是兩條單行航道，一條為上行船的航道，另一條為下行船的航道，永久船閘使船在這兒上通下達(dá)，互不干擾，井然有序地過(guò)閘；所謂“五級(jí)”，是說(shuō)永久船閘分為五個(gè)層次，類似人們經(jīng)常爬的樓梯，那么兩條航道、五級(jí)梯級(jí)便擁有十個(gè)小閘室。三峽工程每年可以節(jié)約四千萬(wàn)噸至五千萬(wàn)噸的原煤，減少火力發(fā)電，減輕環(huán)境污染，從而優(yōu)化中國(guó)的能源結(jié)構(gòu)。這樣大容量的發(fā)電機(jī)組目前在全世界僅有21臺(tái)，其中目前居世界第一位的巴西和巴拉圭合建的伊泰普水電站擁有18臺(tái)，目前居世界第三位的美國(guó)大古力水電站擁有3臺(tái)，而將來(lái)三峽水電站將擁有26臺(tái)水電機(jī)組（每臺(tái)機(jī)組重達(dá)600噸超過(guò)埃菲爾鐵塔），總裝機(jī)容量達(dá)1820萬(wàn)千瓦，年發(fā)電量847依度，相當(dāng)于廣東大亞灣核電站年發(fā)電量的10倍，于當(dāng)今世界最大的伊泰普水電站相比，其三峽大壩為中心，可以輸送到1200平方公里左右，最東—上海；最西—蘭州；最南—廣州；最北—天津，源源不斷地輸向華中、華東和四川東部地區(qū)，促進(jìn)這些地區(qū)的水電開發(fā)和經(jīng)濟(jì)騰飛，實(shí)現(xiàn)“西電東送”的戰(zhàn)略格局。左岸發(fā)電廠房安裝了14臺(tái)水電機(jī)組，右岸發(fā)電廠房安裝12臺(tái)水電機(jī)組，每臺(tái)機(jī)組的單機(jī)容量為70萬(wàn)千瓦。相信1998年的洪水給大家留下了深刻的印象，荊江大堤全面告急、牌洲灣決口、九江新區(qū)被淹，直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失高達(dá)1600億。）主要承擔(dān)渲泄洪水和清除泥沙的任務(wù)，相當(dāng)于千年一遇的洪水流量，因?yàn)闅v史上長(zhǎng)江上最大的洪水發(fā)生于1870年。這樣，萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)江就將在西陵峽中段被攔腰截?cái)啵瑥娜龒{大壩直至上游重慶市六百多公里的水路形成了一個(gè)天然的河道型水庫(kù)，水庫(kù)容量為393億立方米，正常水庫(kù)水位是海拔175米，洪水來(lái)臨之前，將水位降低至海拔145米。攔河大壩以185平臺(tái)為左岸起點(diǎn)，延伸到長(zhǎng)江南岸的白巖尖，軸線全長(zhǎng)約為2309米，屬于混凝土重力壩（用混凝土澆筑的依靠壩體的自重來(lái)對(duì)抗庫(kù)區(qū)的水壓和其它荷載作用不同于另一種壩—拱壩）。模型上的藍(lán)色水流代表長(zhǎng)江，長(zhǎng)江的左岸右岸是如何區(qū)分的呢？順?biāo)?，您的右手方向?yàn)橛野叮赐ǔＫf(shuō)的江南，相對(duì)地，各位剛才來(lái)的這一邊為長(zhǎng)江的左岸，即為江北，背對(duì)的是長(zhǎng)江的下游宜昌方向。壇子嶺因其山體形狀酷似四川人做泡菜的壇子倒扣在山頂上而得名，只要大家登上壇子嶺的頂部觀景臺(tái)，便可俯瞰三峽壩區(qū)的施工全貌，飽覽西陵峽黃牛巖的秀麗風(fēng)光和秭歸新縣城的遠(yuǎn)景。我們現(xiàn)在所看到的是三峽工程的1：1250的微縮模型，它反映的是2009年三峽工程全面竣工之后的壩區(qū)景觀。 entertainment material section is the former material site for construction in the right giant tetrahedron spreading in the grass are the remains of damming rocks, which vividly show us the great of damming in the Yangtze the giant construction machines, used to be “heavy weapons” for successful the technology exhibit hall, we will back to the damming historic moment by the modem image reproduction the acting square, engineering cultural shows will carry on every these shows, we will follow the builders to recall true stories in the damming in the damming memorial park, we will find the advancement of the modern society, as well as the enchantment of the improved science technology.。and the other is plaster dam made of rocks or the Three Gorges Dam is the latter , we said this dam is concrete gravity dam, and now it belongs to plaster dam, why? Here plaster refers to bricklaying, now the concrete has replaced bricks, with better reliability and the section of this gravity dam is large enough for safety, it will also split off after a certain time for its high cause is the adhesive of concrete dam, the the solidifying process, the cement will release heat, especially in summer, this heat will cause high temperature。k?f?,d?m] during the 2 phase construction Damming Rock 截流石This is the damming rock, a double sized put it here to make it a symbol of the spirit of water real rock is triangle tetrahedro, with each side length of , and weight of 28 1981, rocks used for damming the Yangtze River at the Gezhouba Project were just half the shape was approved by the modern technology as the best to fight against the rip thrown into the water, its sharp edge cuts into silt to make it stable in the rocks of this shape, representing the modern hydro technology, have been applied for both Gezhouba Project and Three Gorges Sill under the DamThis columned rock pillar is a sample of the sill under the the construction, there used to be an island, Zhongbao Island, in the center of Yangtze this rock was drilled out from the rock formation under the considered and approved over 70 years, the Yangtze Three Gorges Project site was finally set at the Zhongbao now, this island is this rock shows both memory and witness for the great Three gorges great Embossment浮雕群This embossment is called “the headstream breeding the life”.The big copper plate embossment in the front looks like a generating wheel in water, and 3 strong men are rotating it hand, representing a spirit that the world is living on the two sides of the copper embossment, there is a tiger and a phoenix telling the specific geographic location and the cultural background of the Three gorges Project because the Chu People adored the phoenix while the Ba people adored the manding tiger and the illustrious phoenix are the best representatives of the people in the Three Gorges to tell the world their dreams of the take a careful look at the both sides, the figures on the top right side are a modern man and the legend Da are lapping over each other to show two Chinese characters, the “big” and the Man”.With a sill rock core in hand, the modern man represents the advanced hydropower shovel in hand, the legend Da Yu tells the long history of the Chinese fighting against the background here is the great scenery of the dam from the left, it also shows the sceneries of the great immigration movement, the industries of the stockbreeding and the are characters like laborious women, lovely kids, and the reliable , there are three fairies flying there in the with the other fairies on the whole picture, there are 12 of them in total standing for the 12 peaks among the Wu to look the figures at the bottom。and the third one is from 2004 to total investment is estimated to be RMB billion reservoir will submerge about million people to immigrate to higher this project is finally pleted, the reserved water level will reach 175