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【正文】 he Importance of Trade for Development: A Statistical Reviewn LDC exports: trends and patternsn Importance of exports to different developing nations2223Figure 24The Importance of Trade for Development: A Statistical Reviewn LDC exports: trends and patternsn Importance of exports to different developing nationsn Demand elasticities and export earnings instability25The Terms of Trade and the PrebischSinger Thesisn Total export earnings depend on:– total volume of exports sold AND– price paid for exportsn Prebisch and Singer argue that export prices fall over time, so LDCs lose revenue unless they can continually increase export volumes n Prebisch and Singer think LDCs need to avoid a dependence on primary exports26貿(mào)易條件 Terms of Trade (TOT)n XPI/MPI 出口價(jià)格指數(shù) /進(jìn)口價(jià)格指數(shù)n 100 103 107 109 n 100/100 103/100 109/102 120/109n 以上例子， TOT改善，對(duì)出口有利n XPI/MPI n 100 98 95 90 94 87n 以上例子， TOT惡化，對(duì)出口不利2728The Traditional Theory of International Traden The principle of parative advantagen Relative factor endowments and international specialization: the Neoclassical model2930The Traditional Theory of International Traden The principle of parative advantage比較利益理論n Relative factor endowments and international specialization: the Neoclassical model新古典模型n Trade theory and development: the traditional arguments 傳統(tǒng)看法n ＊中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)崛起後對(duì)國(guó)際貿(mào)易理論的衝擊31Some Criticisms of Traditional FreeTrade Theory in the Context of Third World Experiencen Six assumptions of the Neoclassical model must be scrutinized:– Fixed resources, full employment, and international factor immobility3233Some Criticisms of Traditional FreeTrade Theory in the Context of Third World Experiencen Six assumptions of the Neoclassical model must be scrutinized:– Fixed resources, full employment, and international factor immobility– Fixed, freely available technology and consumer sovereignty– Internal factor mobility and perfect petition– Governmental noninterference in trade34Some Criticisms of Traditional FreeTrade Theory in the Context of Third World Experiencen Six assumptions of the Neoclassical model must be scrutinized:– Balanced trade and
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