【正文】 rd Attribute” 用 MTB中 “Known Standard Attribute”一欄 ? Improvement 改進(jìn) If the Within Appraiser Kappa scores are low, that Appraiser may need training. Do they understand characteristic they are looking for? Are the instructions clear to them?/ 評(píng)價(jià)者內(nèi) Kappa 值較低，那么就需要培訓(xùn)，他們是否理解檢查的特性？是否清楚作業(yè)指導(dǎo)書(shū)？ If the Between Appraiser Kappa scores are low, each Appraiser may have a differing definition of the categories – A standardized definition can improve this situation / 評(píng)價(jià)者間 Kappa 值較低，那么每個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)者對(duì)零件分類(lèi)的定義不同 –標(biāo)準(zhǔn)定義可以改變這種狀況 If improvements are made, the study should be repeated to confirm improvements have worked /如果已進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)，還需要再次研究以確認(rèn)改進(jìn)有效 15 Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA) Attribute ? Recall what ordinal data is – Categorical variables that have three or more possible levels with a natural ordering, such as strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree and strongly agree。 per the next slides 進(jìn)行 MTB分析 9 Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA) Attribute S V Q O 6 Q N I T Q X N Z I Z B M Q T P Z H J K M 23 Sample Kappa Exercise Begin Kappa exercise 10 Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA) Attribute Kappa Exercise – Data Collection Form P a r t N o .T r i a l 1 ( P / F )T r i a l 2 ( P / F )A g r e e / D i s a g r e e ?T r i a l 1 ( P / F )T r i a l 2 ( P / F )A g r e e / D i s a g r e e ?J u d g e 1 T r i a l 1J u d g e 2 T r i a l 2A g r e e / D i s a g r e e ?1234567891011121314151617181920C o m p a r e J u d g e sJ u d g e 1 J u d g e 2NOTE: Part count of 20 used only for demonstration. Sample size guidelines found on page 13. 11 Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA) Attribute Kappa Analysis In MINITAB Put data into MINITAB, each judges trial in a separate column To analyze, go to Stat ? Quality Tools ? Attribute Agreement Analysis 1 2 3 Enter Judges (Appraisers) and quantity Select “Results” button and click last option 4 12 Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA) Attribute Attribute Gage RR Study Attribute Gage RR Study for J1T1, J1T2, J2T1, J2T2 Within Appraiser Assessment Agreement Appraiser Inspected Matched Percent (%) % CI 1 20 19 ( , ) 2 20 18 ( , ) Matched: Appraiser agrees with him/herself across trials. Kappa Statistics Appraiser Response Kappa SE Kappa Z P(vs. 0) 1 b g 2 b g Between Appraisers Assessment Agreement Inspected Matched Percent (%) % CI 20 18 ( , ) Matched: All Appraisers39。 2. In teams of two, appoint one person to be the data collector – The other person is the inspector. The data collection sheet is located on the following page. 2人一組，任命其中一個(gè)為數(shù)據(jù)收集員，另一個(gè)是檢查員，數(shù)據(jù)收集表在后面一頁(yè)中 3. The document number is located under each of the 20 documents. The documents will be visible for three seconds before automatically advancing. The exercise will be finished in 60 seconds (three seconds/part).共有 20個(gè)文件，每個(gè)顯示 3秒，然后自動(dòng)進(jìn)行下一個(gè)。如果文件中有 1個(gè)或多個(gè)數(shù)字 (09)，就是不合格品。 2個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)者獨(dú)立評(píng)價(jià)隨機(jī)在不同日期抽取的 10張發(fā)票。Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA) Attribute特性數(shù)據(jù) MSA The Breakthrough Strategy174。 And Measurement System Evaluation ? Measurement Systems Analysis will help us decide if we can adequately measure our output characteristic測(cè)量系統(tǒng)分析有助于確認(rèn)是否能夠勝任測(cè)量輸出特性的要求 ? Then after we’ve improved the process, we will need to assess it again and potentially need to improve it/在改善過(guò)程以后，我們需要再次評(píng)價(jià)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)，以及潛在的測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的改進(jìn) 1. Select Output Characteristic 2. Define Performance Standards 3. Validate Measurement System確認(rèn)測(cè)量系統(tǒng) 4. Establish Baseline Process Capability 5. Define Performance Objectives 6. Identify Variation Sources 7. Screen Potential Causes 8. Discover Variable Relationships 9. Establish Operating Tolerances – Implement Improvements 10. Validate Measurement System確認(rèn)測(cè)量系統(tǒng) 11. Determine Final Process Capability 12. Implement Process Controls 1 Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA) Variables Module Objectives By the end of this module, the participant should be able to: ? Discuss the need for an Attribute Measurement System Analysis探討屬性數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)分析所需條件 ? Describe the types of Attribute Measurement System Analyses and when to use them 敘述屬性數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)分析以及何時(shí)使用 ? Perform an Attribute Measurement System Analysis 實(shí)施屬性數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)分析 2 Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA) Attribute Typical Measurement Systems Attribute MSA ? Examples Data collection form Survey Customer satisfaction Academic grades Plug gages (go/nogo) Thread gages (go/nogo) Visual defect check Note that often Attribute Measurement Systems involve human judgment – Is it reliable for use in decision making?/注意屬性數(shù)據(jù) MSA經(jīng)常包含人員的判定 –判定可靠嗎？ 3 Measurement Systems