物流管理專業(yè)外語知識-文庫吧資料
2025-02-19 16:02本頁面
【正文】 s. ? 一般地（通常），生活水平和生活方式反映了個體和社會能滿足其需要和愿望的方面。此外，為利用這些優(yōu)勢，必須要有高效率的交通運輸。一個地區(qū)可能具有更有利的氣候條件，各種不同自然資源，更能干的人力資源等等。 ? Geographic specialization ? 區(qū)域?qū)I(yè)化 ? Geographic specialization is similar in principle to economies of scale. Geographic specialization capitalized on the fact that one region has an advantage over other areas for some reasons. One area may have more favorable climatic condition, different natural resources, and more efficient human resources and so on. Therefore, the area that is best situated should be the source of production. Again, the availability of efficient transportation is necessary to capitalize on these advantages. If an efficient transportation system is available, then each location can produce those products for which it is geographically suitable in large quantity, and the total production cost would be much lower. ? 區(qū)域?qū)I(yè)化與規(guī)模經(jīng)濟的原理相似。有兩種方法可以解決這個問題：一種方法是減少該產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量，但喪失了規(guī)模經(jīng)濟；另一種方法是；如果想獲得規(guī)模經(jīng)濟的話，把多余產(chǎn)品運送到對該產(chǎn)品有需求的其他地方。 the other is to ship the excess product units to other places where there is a demand for the product if the economies of scale are desired. Thus, transportation must be available. ? 因為規(guī)模經(jīng)濟的原因，客觀產(chǎn)生了在同一地方生產(chǎn)更多的某一類型的產(chǎn)品的需要。但是當達到一定程度（水平）時，單位（產(chǎn)品）成本會停止下降并且開始上升，因為生產(chǎn)的擴大超過了大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟的水平。固定成本可以分攤到更多單元（的產(chǎn)品上），專業(yè)設(shè)備得以采用，（生產(chǎn)）作業(yè)可以程序化生產(chǎn)。其結(jié)果就是單位（產(chǎn)品）成本下降。交通運輸在 (實現(xiàn) )規(guī)模經(jīng)濟和區(qū)域?qū)I(yè)化中的作用是復雜的，而且交通運輸效率的高低直接影響我們從專業(yè)化中獲益的程度。（而）區(qū)域?qū)I(yè)化則是指在特定的地區(qū)生產(chǎn)特殊的產(chǎn)品。 ? The benefits of specialization can be gained through either economies of scale or geographic specialization. Economies of scale are realized when a large volume of the same type of modity is produced in one location at one time. Geographic specialization involves using particular region to produce specific products. ? 專業(yè)化可以通過規(guī)模經(jīng)濟或者區(qū)域?qū)I(yè)化這兩者之一（為我們）帶來好處。結(jié)果就是生產(chǎn)某一特定產(chǎn)品是需較（以前）少的花費（付出）。專業(yè)化能帶來許多好處。例如，如果一個人特別熟練耕作，那么社會應當讓他去從事耕作。他們努力用較少的時間和精力得到更好的生活水平和生活方式。s ability of survival, even under very primitive conditions. It is also worthwhile to point out that people in our modern society seek much more than mere survival. They strive for a better standard of living and lifestyle with less time and efforts. Specialization is one means to achieve the goal. ? 必須指出，隨著其效率的增加，交通運輸對于人的生存能力，甚至在非常原始條件下的生存能力，有著直接的、積極的影響。今天，世界上的大多數(shù)人都希望貨物通過某種運輸方式而（直接）運送到他們手中。美洲印第安人通過白令海峽和阿拉斯加從亞洲移居到北美就是一個例子。 ? The earliest form of transportation was the movement of people. People move to search food and a favorable climate. The American Indians migrated from Asia into North America through the Bering Straits and Alaska is an example. Gradually, the emphasis shifted from the movement of people to the movement of goods. Today, most of the population in the world expects that the goods will be transported to them through some transportation modes. ? 最早期交通運輸?shù)男问绞侨说囊苿印Ｒ皇侨祟悶榱松嫘枰喾N產(chǎn)品；二是自然界不可能在一個地方提供所有的需要。假設(shè)人們?yōu)榱松姹仨毬男校ㄍ瓿桑┮恍┻@類活動，（那么）他 /她需要（借助）交通運輸來完成（達到、實現(xiàn)）其活動。 ? To survive, a person must consume products. Products need to be obtained from the nature or need to be processed. Given the person must perform some of these activities to survive, he/she needs transportation to acplish his/her activi
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