【正文】 Standard products Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 1121 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 Receiving Dock Purchase Order Packing List Order Processing Invoice Receivables Report Check Accounts Receivable Accounts Payable Mail Mail Reconcile Mail Customer Supplier Traditional Purchasing Process Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 1122 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 Purchasing Techniques 168。 Help identify the products and services that can be best obtained externally。 63% Industry Percent of Sales Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 1118 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 Dollars of Additional Sales Needed to Equal 1$ Saved Through Purchasing P e r c e n t o f S a l e s S p e n t f o r P u r c h a s e sF i r m 39。 55% 168。 60% 168。 52% 168。 Petroleum 168。 Lumber 168。 Automobile 168。 Affects quality of final product Purchasing Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 1117 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 Purchasing Costs as a Percent of Sales 168。 Importance 168。 Select suppliers negotiate contracts 168。 Help decide whether to make or buy 168。 Acquisition of goods services 168。 able to use the latest puter and transmission technologies to manage the shipment of parts in and finished products out 168。 Supply chains in a global environment must be: 168。 Objective: Maximize value lower waste SupplyChain Management Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 119 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 Consumer Retailer Manufacturing Materiall Flow VISA Credit Flow Supplier Supplier Wholesaler Retailer Cash Flow Order Flow Schedules The SupplyChain Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 1110 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 The Supply Chain Supplier Supplier Supplier Inventory Inventory Distributor Inventory Inventory Manufacturer Customer Customer Customer Market research data scheduling information Engineering and design data Order flow and cash flow Ideas and design to satisfy end customer Material flow Credit flow Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 1111 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 11% 31% 58% Material Dir Wages Other 71% 16% 13% COGS Payroll Other 83% 9% 8% COGS Payroll Other Manufacturing Wholesale Retail Material Costs in SupplyChain Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 1112 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 SupplyChain Support for Overall Strategy Supplier抯 goal Primary Selection Criteria Supply demand at lowest possible cost Select primarily for cost Low Cost Respond quickly to changing requirements and demand to minimize stockouts Select primarily for capacity, speed, and flexibility Response Share market research。 Involves everyone in supplychain 168。 Continues through internal operations 168。 Planning, anizing, directing, controlling flows of materials 168。 VW is buying not only materials, but also the labor and related services 168。 VW looks to innovative supply chain to improve quality and drive down costs Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 117 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 Volkswagon 168。 Rockwell International, Cummins Engines, Delga Automotiva, MWM, Remon and VDO, etc. 168。 200 work for VW 168。 Describe the purchasing process and techniques Learning Objectives Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 116 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 Volkswagon 168。 Compare contrast purchasing strategies 168。 Ex