【正文】
an initial schematic diagram 4 Determine the cost of this layout 5 By trialanderror (or more sophisticated means), try to improve the initial layout 6 Prepare a detailed plan that evaluates factors in addition to transportation cost Cost of ProcessOriented Layout ?面向工藝布置,按已設(shè)計(jì)的工藝流程,根據(jù)工藝性質(zhì)的不同,劃分出若干個(gè)生產(chǎn)單位,然后確定各生產(chǎn)單位的相對(duì)空間位置。 ?產(chǎn)品的特點(diǎn)決定了這種布置 , 大的重量 、尺寸 、 體積 、 以及其他因素致使產(chǎn)品或?qū)ο蟛贿m宜或極其難以移動(dòng) , 而必須采用這種布置方式 。 固定位置布置 (FixedPosition Layout ) ?產(chǎn)品或項(xiàng)目的位置保持不變 , 而人員 、 物料和設(shè)備在需要時(shí)移動(dòng)的布置 。 ?它是借助于高度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)及其所需用的高度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的作業(yè)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的 。 面向產(chǎn)品布置 (ProductOriented Layout) ?按產(chǎn)品或顧客的性質(zhì)分別設(shè)置相應(yīng)的生產(chǎn)單位 , 使某種產(chǎn)品或顧客在一個(gè)生產(chǎn)作業(yè)單位里的得到所需的幾乎全部的加工或服務(wù) 。 ?一個(gè)生產(chǎn)單位是一種工藝性質(zhì)的設(shè)備 、 工人等的集合體 , 進(jìn)行一種工藝性質(zhì)的加工處理或服務(wù) 。 ?( 9 ) 士氣問(wèn)題 ( 例如 , 缺乏面對(duì)面的接觸 ) 。 ?( 6 ) 產(chǎn)量或產(chǎn)品組合的變化 ?( 7 ) 方法或設(shè)備的變化 。 ?( 4 ) 產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)的變化 。 ?( 2 ) 安全事故或危險(xiǎn) 。Production capacity at source (factory) 187。Example: Markets, retailers etc. – Volume to be shipped – Shipping distance (or cost) 187。Example: Shortrun longrun costs Example: Factor Rating Method S c o r e s ( o u t o f 1 0 0 ) W e i g h t e d S c o r e sF r a n c e D e n m a r k F r a n c e D e n m a r kL a b o r a v a i l a b i l i t y a n d a t t i t u d e 0 .2 5 70 60 1 7 .5 0 1 5 .0 0P e o p l e t o c a r r a t i o 0 .0 5 50 60 2 .5 0 3 .0 0P e r c a p i t a l i n c o m e 0 .1 0 85 80 8 .5 0 8 .0 0T a x s t r u c t u r e 0 .3 9 75 70 2 9 .2 5 2 7 .3 0E d u c a t i o n a n d h e a l t h 0 .2 1 60 70 1 2 .6 0 1 4 .7 0T o t a l s 1 .0 0 7 0 .3 5 6 8 .0 0F a c t o r W e i g h t?Method of costvolume analysis used for industrial locations ?Steps – Determine fixed variable costs for each location – Plot total cost for each location – Select location with lowest total cost for expected production volume 187。 Location Evaluation Methods ? Factorrating method ? Locational breakeven analysis ? Center of gravity method ? Transportation model FactorRating Method ?Most widely used location technique ?Useful for service industrial locations ?Rates locations using factors – Intangible (qualitative) factors 187。生產(chǎn)與運(yùn)作管理 Production and Operations Management 第二章 設(shè)施設(shè)計(jì) Design of Facilities 第二章 設(shè)施與作業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) ( Design of Facilities and Jobs) ?設(shè)施位置選擇( Facility Location) ?設(shè)施布置( Facility Layout) *作業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)( Job Design) 第一節(jié) 設(shè)施位置選擇 ( Facility Location) ?設(shè)施位置決策( Decision) ?設(shè)施位置選擇的因素( Considerations) ?設(shè)施位置分析方法( Methods) In General Location Decisions ?Longterm decisions ?Difficult to reverse ?Affect fixed variable costs – Transportation cost 187。As much as 25% of product price – Other costs: Taxes, wages, rent etc. ?Objective: Maximize benefit of location to firm Industrial Location Decisions ?Cost focus – Revenue varies little between location