【正文】 產(chǎn)品成本 積累模塊 流程 文件對產(chǎn)品成本的影響 Routing File Influence On Product Cost Routing file Mfg. Item No. Queue Time Summary Setup Time Summary Run Time Summary Item Master File Mfg. Item No. Item Queue Time Item Setup Time Item Run Time Lead Time Roll up Utility Product Cost File Mfg. Item No. Overhead Cost Setup Cost Run Cost Product Cost Roll up Utility 6 Capacity Planning 操作順序 ,時間標準和工作中心資料可以制定產(chǎn)能計劃 (粗略的和詳細的 ).典型的報告包括所需的工作中心或機器的產(chǎn)能 . 流程 文件對產(chǎn)能計劃的影響 Routing File Influence On Capacity Planning 流 程文件 生產(chǎn)零件編號 零件總表文件 生產(chǎn)零件編號 總排期和 物料計劃程序 操作順序 計劃和 運行時間 零件交貨 周期 排期報告 工作中心 產(chǎn)能報告 工作中心 發(fā)送報告 The operation sequence, time standards and other work center detail permit capacity planning (rough cut and detail). Typical reports include required capacity by work center or machine. 7 如何創(chuàng)建及管理流程 How to Create and Manage Routings (1)工程部決定用最適當?shù)姆椒ê蜕a(chǎn)資源 (工作中心 )生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品 . Engineering determines the best methods and manufacturing resources (work centers) to build the product. (2)工程部應和生產(chǎn)部一起開發(fā)新的流程 . The Eng. Dept. may initially work with Manufacturing to develop new routings. (3)當新的流程在生產(chǎn)中實施時 ,流程的改變和改進必頇用文件存檔使每個人都知道這種變化 . As new routing are implemented in Mfg., changes and improvements to the routings must be documented so everyone will be aware of changes. (4)這些部門然后一起討論改善流程的準確性 .流程文件應達到 99%以上的準確度 . These departments then work together to improve the accuracy of the routings. Routing documents should achieve 99 % plus accuracy level. 總的來說 ,如果流程是準確的而且被正確地使用 ,它們將成為公司的溝通網(wǎng)絡中的一個重要環(huán)節(jié) ,從而能更有效地生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品 . In summary, if routings are accurate and used correctly, they will be an important link in a co.’s munication work to efficiently produce a product. Routing File Mfg. Item No. Item Master File Mfg. Item No. Master Scheduling Mat. Plann’g Processes Item Lead Times Scheduling Reports Operations Sequences Setup Run Times Work Center Capacity Report Work Center Dispatch Report 8 流程開發(fā) Routing Development 依公司組織而定 ,一般 來說 ,流程是制造工藝部的職責 . According to pany anization, generally, routing is the responsibility of manufacturing process department. 定義工作中心 Defining Work Centers 一些大的生產(chǎn)地區(qū)可以被分為幾個生產(chǎn)單位 ,例如制造 ,裝配和檢驗 .工作中心產(chǎn)生于細分這些生產(chǎn)單位或部門為更小的區(qū)域性單位 .在一個依工作性能而排列的生產(chǎn)地區(qū) ,工作中心一般依機器種類或工藝性能來決定 ,例如 :焊接 ,機械加工 ,線路板裝配 .在流水作業(yè)的生產(chǎn)部門 , 部門及工作中心應依產(chǎn)品和產(chǎn)品組合來確定 .工作中心被賦予一個唯一的號碼和名字 ,這些號碼和名字反映了工作中心在制造過程中所扮演的角色 .每一個工作中心的詳細信息包含在工作中心主文件內(nèi) . Some large production areas may first subdivided into departments, such as fabrication, assembly and test. Work centers are created by dividing these production areas or depts. into smaller geographic units. In production areas that are functionally anized, work centers are typically defined around types of machinery or around process function, such as welding, machining, or circuit board assembly. In production areas that are anized for flow manufacturing, departments and work centers are given unique numbers or names reflecting their role in the production process. Detailed information about each work center is contained in the Work Center File. Unit 9: 流 程 Routings Lesson 2: 流程開發(fā) Routing Development 9 流 程 開 發(fā) 文件 ::生 產(chǎn) 布 局 確定 ::生產(chǎn)部門 定義 :生產(chǎn)工作中心 部門 A 部門 C 部門 B 工作中心 1 工作中心 2 工作中心 3 標準化工作中心操作 操作 操作 順序號 說明 10 切割 20 焊接 30 機加工 定義時間 標準和工 藝規(guī)格 Sequence Nos. 在一個工作中心內(nèi) , 工作活動的類型被賦予一個操作順序號 . 順序號一般以 10或 100為單位遞增 , 以便于號碼的更改或允許增減臨時或特殊的操作號碼 . 例如一個電路板裝配的工作中心 : Within a work center, types of work activity are assigned operation sequence numbers. Sequence nos. are typically assigned in increments of 10 or 100 in order to allow for changes and to permit temporary or special operations nos. For example, a work center defined for circuit board assembly: 10 配件準備 Component preparation 20 電路板的裝配 Board loading 30 流水焊接 Flow soldering 40 檢查及修改 Inspection touch up 50 性能測詴 Functional testing 10 Outside Processing 當創(chuàng)建一個生產(chǎn)零件的完整生產(chǎn)流程時 ,要用文件記錄全部工藝在過程中物流不能間斷 ,這一點相當重要 .一些零件需要從外部供應商進行加工處理如 :電鍍或機械加工 . 這些需要經(jīng)常表達為一個特殊定義的工作中心 .大多數(shù)軟件系統(tǒng)通過起動點來確定外部加工工作的發(fā)貨及收貨活動 . When creating a plete routing for a manufactured item, it is important to document the uninterrupted flow of material through the entire conversion process. Some items require processing from outside vendors, such as plating or machining. This requirement is usually reflected as a specially defined work centers by allowing trigger points for shipping and receiving activities. Routing Development Document: Manufacturing Layout Identify: Production Depts. Dept. A Dept. B Dept. C Define: Production Work Centers work center1 work center2 work center3 Standardize: Work Center Operations Operation Sequence Operation Number Description Define Time 10 Cutoff Standard and 20 Weld Process 30 Machine Specifications 11 3. 時間標準 Time Standards 在流程文件中的標準時間有兩個目的 : (1)提供交貨周期的基本數(shù)據(jù) ,用于詳細的生產(chǎn)排期中 . (2)為評估產(chǎn)品的成本 . 標準時間應能準確反映實際平均與依工藝改善活動而更新 . Time standards within the routing file serve two purposes: (1) Serve as baseline data for rolling up lead times, which are used in detailed production scheduling. (2) For assessing product cost. Time standards should accurately reflect actual historical average and updates are done according to any process improvement activity. 臨時和代用的流程 Temporary and Alternate Routing 在生產(chǎn)排期的過程中 ,當某一工作中心超負荷時 即排期要求的生產(chǎn)能力超過生產(chǎn)期間的實際能力 ,一個可能的行動方案便是使流程工程部與排期取得同意 ,以采用其他物流來生產(chǎn)正受影響的工作中心的產(chǎn)品 ,臨時的或其他的流程應提前認可 ,以維持產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和維持工作中心發(fā)貨的準確性 .