企業(yè)管理中的競爭問題概述-文庫吧資料
2025-01-19 09:33本頁面
【正文】 f Entry ? Preemptive Action: Market Saturation (先發(fā)制人：使市場飽和 ) ? One entrydeterring strategy for the existing firm would be to disperse its production facilities. By the existing firm spreading its plants throughout the market area (the analysis of geographic saturation can also be applied to product characteristics) the opportunity for the new entrant to take advantage of high transportation costs is greatly reduced. ? Example: Brand Proliferation in the Cereal Industry 43 演講完畢，謝謝觀看！ 。在順序 (Sequential game)中，就是有先有后了。 也就是每個博弈者將在可能最少的利潤方案中選擇利潤最大的方案。 企業(yè) B 遵守協(xié)議 違約降價 企業(yè) A 遵守協(xié)議 100， 100 30， 130 違約降價 130， 30 70， 70 9 Strategy Payoffs ? 性別戰(zhàn) 博弈 (The Battle of Sex) ? 一男一女試圖安排一個晚上的娛樂內(nèi)容 ? 選擇（策略）：“歌劇”、“拳擊”；不過男女有別 ? 收益矩陣 (Payoff Matrix)如下： 男 (The Man) 歌劇 拳擊 女 (The Lady) 歌劇 2， 1 0， 0 拳擊 0， 0 1， 2 10 11 Strategy Payoffs ? Other Examples ? Coordination games ? Smith and Jones are trying to decide whether to design the puters they sell to use large or small floppy disks ? Both players will sell more puters if their disk drives are patible. ? Strategies: “Large” or “Small” ? Payoffs are as follows. 12 Strategy Payoffs ? Other Examples ? Coordination games: payoff matrix Jones Large Small Smith Large 2, 2 1, 1 Small 1， 1 1, 1 13 Dominant Strategies (支配策略 ) ? We say a player has a dominant strategy if it is the strictly best response to any strategies the other players might pick. ? In the analysis of any game, the first step is to determine if any player has a dominant strategy. ? If such a strategy exists, then the oute of the game should be easily determined, since the player will use the dominant strategy and other players will subsequently adopt their best responses. ? Examples: ? Does the Prisoner’s Dilemma have any dominant strategy? ? How about the Coordination Game? 14 Dominated Strategies (被支配策略 ) ? A dominated strategy is an alternative that yields a lower payoff than some other strategy, no matter what the other players in the game do. ? A rational player will never use a dominated strategy in the actual action of game playing. Hence it can be eliminated. ? It is clear that if the existence of a dominant st
法律信息相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號-1