【正文】 nt:過程運行時間周期內，過程處于最佳性態(tài)時的能力，換言之，在現有條件下過程所具有的最佳運性能力．ScrapReworkHidden FactoryNOTOKOperationInputs Inspect Final YieldOK９． Hidden Factory　隱蔽工廠隱蔽工廠10. 傳統(tǒng)合格率 s2發(fā)現 2個缺陷（不合格品）2. 在檢查點 S5發(fā)現 1個缺陷（返工）3. 在檢查點 S7發(fā)現 5個缺陷（清潔）S 1 S 2 S3 S4 S 6 S 5 S 7 S8 CTQ CTQ CTQ100 95缺陷：不合格品 2個 缺陷：返工 1個 缺陷：清潔 5個 缺陷 5個這些都被隱蔽工廠消化掉了在過程結束出檢查發(fā)現 5個產品不合格，因此傳統(tǒng)合格率為 95/100=95%DMAIC Roadmap DMAIC 流程 Process Improvement Process Redesign 過程改善 過程再設計 Identify the problem Identify specific or broad problem 確定問題 識別特殊的或常見的問題點 Define requirements Define goal /change vision 確定要求 定立目標 /改變觀點 Set goal Clarify scope and customer requirement Validate problem/process Measure performance to requirements 確認問題 /過程 針對要求測量績效 Refine problem /goal Gather process efficiency data 細化問題 /目標 收集過程效率數據 Develop causal hypothesis Identify best practice 確定最優(yōu)方法 作出對原因的假設 Assess process design 評定過程設計 Validate hypothesis value/non value adding 增值 /非 驗證假設 bottlenecks , disconnects 瓶頸中斷 alternative paths 其他路徑Define定義Measure測量Analysis分析DMAIC Roadmap DMAIC 流程 Process Improvement Process Redesign 過程改善 過程再設計 Develop ideas to remove root Design new processes 設計新的過程 cause 開發(fā)消除根本原因的方法 challenge assumptions 挑戰(zhàn)假設 Test solutions 檢驗解決方案 bottlenecks , disconnection Standardize solutions ,measure 瓶頸，中斷 使解決方案標準化 workflow principles 工作流程原 Implement new process , structure, system 實行新的過程，結構，系統(tǒng) Establish standard measurements Establish measures and reviews to to maintaining performance maintaining performance 建立標準方法以維持績效 制定措施并評審以維持績效 Correct problems as needed Correct problems as needed 必要時糾正問題 必要是糾正問題Improve改善Control控制 Focus__Vital Few xiYYYYYx1, x2, ... xnx1, x2, ... xnVital Few xiVital Few xiVital Few xiVital Few xi 階段 _MeasureAnalyzeImproveControlSelect process or product characteristics (s)。 measured distance or deviation of each value from the average. 　 標準差是量度過程輸出的分布寬度；量度每個數值與平均數之間的距離或偏差As a general rule, it makes a littleDifference if N or n1 is used Whenever n/= 30. 一般而言 ,若 N或 n1在 n /= 30 的情況下 ,這只有很少的分別 .What is Six Sigma ? 什么是六西格馬 ? putation of % defectives using average and standard Deviation . 運用平均數及標準差計算次品的 %。So attaining certification like ISO/QS vs six sigma can be understood as maintaining quality conformance vs achieving breakthrough improvement. Goal : Process centering and variation reduction 目標：過程置中和減少變異The Sigma Strategy 西格馬戰(zhàn)略n Characterize (define, measure phase) 特征描述（定義，測量階段）n Optimize (analysis , improvement phase) 優(yōu)化（分析，改善階段）n Sustain and breakthrough (control phase, what’s next? DFSSM, Lean or…..)保持和突破（控制階段，下一步， 6西格馬設計，精益生產或 …..)Breakthrough Strategy 突破性戰(zhàn)略改善的速度是最大的區(qū)別！Speed is the difference !Why Implement Six Sigma now ?為什么現在是實施六西格馬的最佳時機？n “Nothing new” “無新東西 ”?。?Most of the tools have been around for decades 　　大部分工具已出現了幾十年?。?Neglected due to difficulty and discipline 由于難度大和條文多而被忽視But 但是n Worldwide petition and globalization 世界范圍內的競爭和全球化?。?Make neglect dangerous to us and lost of opportunities… 使忽略變得危險并失去了很多機會n Computing resources 電腦資源　－ Makes application possible 是應用變成可能Ｗ hat is Sigma ? 什么是西格馬（ δ ）例如：假設生產過程中其中一個工序是將金屬卻割成每個長度為 10mm的產品．當我們完成 100個產品后，測量每個產品的長度，并將測量結果用直方圖的形式表達，我們將會得到下列結果：μ 平均值μ９ 10 11μ= ∑xN =Ｗ hat is Sigma ? 什么是西格馬（ δ ）δ 標準差值μ９ 10 11μ=∑( μ – x)N1 =2Before calculating Sigma quality level , you need to understand …Probability for the whole area under the cure = 1i e . Yield + Defect lower than LSL + Defective higher than USL= 1.Defective rateYieldDefective rateZ LSL TargetMeanZ USLeApplication : Z –Transform (using Excel function n Returns a Z (normalized ) from a distribution characterized by mean and standard deviation . Standardize (x, mean, standard_ dev ) = Z Example : STANDIZE (42,40,15 ) = n Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution function. NORMASDIST (z) = Probability Example : NORMSDIS () = n Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution NORMSINV (probability ) = Z Example : NORMSINV ( ) = What is Six Sigma ? 什么是六西格馬 ?標準差 (δ) 曲線形狀數量長度δ＝＝ 將標準差降至最低，最好是 0δ＝＝ 相對來講，將平均值（ μ ） 調整至接近目標值較為容易，我們最大的挑戰(zhàn)是降低標準差（ δ）．What is Six Sigma ? 什么是六西格馬 ? 　如果產品規(guī)格是：10177。 變革管理 (MOC)Application of Six Sigma .. 六西格馬的運用 ..Is t