材料科學(xué)與工程基礎(chǔ)1-文庫(kù)吧資料
2025-01-04 21:01本頁(yè)面
【正文】 ing to premature failure Radiation（輻射） , atomic oxygen, debris （碎石，廢石） ? In space applications, we may have to consider the effects of the presence of radiation, the presence of atomic oxygen, and the impact from debris . load and unload the material thousands of times small cracks cracks grow materials fail Rate ? If we pull it slowly, the material can be stretched significantly. ? If we pull it fast, the material snaps. 14 Materials Design and Selection Physical and mechanical properties Design for a given application a number of factors economical solution Protect environment Recycling of the materials position synthesis and processing internal structure A good engineer will consider: ? the effect of how the material is made。 CoPtTaCr gFe2O3 UO2, NiCd, ZrO2, LiCoC2, Amorphous Si:H Si, GaAs, Ge, BaTiO3, PZT, YBa2Cu3O7, Al, Cu, W, Conducting polymer Biomedical Hydroxyapatite羥磷 灰石 Titanium alloys, Stainless steels Shapememory alloys Plastics, PZT Aerospace CC posites, SiO2, Amorphous silicon, Aialloys Superalloys Magic Materials Energy Technology Environmental Electronic Materials Figure Functional classification of materials. Notice that metals, plastics, and ceramics occur in different categories. A limited number of examples in each category is provided Classification of Functional Materials ITO: In2O3SnO2 MR: magorheology PZT: lead zicornium titanate YAG: yttrium aluminum gar (Y3Al5O12) 磁流體 銦 錫 壓電陶瓷 (鋯鈦酸鉛 ) (Y3Al5O12) of Materials Based on Structure (microstructure) ? Crystal （晶體） the material’ s atoms are arranged in a periodic fashion. ? Amorphous（非晶體） the material’ s atoms do not have a longrange order. ? Single crystals（單晶） some crystalline materials may be in the form of one crystal. ? Polycrystals（多晶）
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