古典國(guó)際貿(mào)易理論-文庫(kù)吧資料
2024-10-13 15:43本頁面
【正文】 the age of twentyone , Ricardo and his bride became Unitarians, which at the time was viewed as a radical sect. 26 Ricardo successfully pursued a business career as stockjobber and then as loan contractor, and when he was fortytwo, his accumulated wealth permitted him to retire from business. Bored with the idle life, he turned his attention to politics and intellectual pursuits. After a hesitant beginning as a writer on economic subjects, Ricardo etched his name on the pages of history by publishing a treatise ,On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. 27 He was not an acplished writer, having a heavyhanded, obscure and abstract style. Nevertheless, the force of his logic almost immediately attracted a closeknit band of gifted if dogmatic disciples 28 ２、李嘉圖的貿(mào)易思想 ?與重商主義的區(qū)別：商品價(jià)值總額的增加 商品總量的增加（數(shù)量和種類）。 21歲與家庭決裂， 40歲離開商界， 1817年出版了的主要代表作《 Principles of Political Economy and Taxation》 。 27歲時(shí)第一次接觸經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)， Smith的著作《 國(guó)富論 》 激勵(lì)了家資百萬的股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人成為一名經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家 。 22 絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)理論簡(jiǎn)單評(píng)述 ?開創(chuàng)性 解釋產(chǎn)生貿(mào)易部分原因，首次論證分工和交換可“雙贏”而不是“零和游戲”。 20 交換結(jié)果 (1:1)（ 在兩國(guó)勞動(dòng)總投入不變情況下 ) 國(guó)別 大米 小麥 中國(guó) 50 50(多 25) 美國(guó) 50(比貿(mào)易前多 10) 50 21 在封閉經(jīng)濟(jì)中，各國(guó)的生產(chǎn)量也是各國(guó)的消費(fèi)量。 中國(guó)對(duì)生產(chǎn)和出口大米也如此 。 中國(guó)不生產(chǎn)小麥 ， 只生產(chǎn)大米 。 15 舉例說明 ? ① 生產(chǎn)可能性：２ ２ １ 且資源都為 100 ? 用勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率衡量Ｖ＝Ｑ /Ｌ 中國(guó)： 美國(guó)： 大米 小麥 中國(guó) 100 50 美國(guó) 80 100 R ＝＝１，Ｖ Ｗ18. ＝，Ｖ＝ Ｗo(hù)V R16 用生產(chǎn)成本衡量 ａ＝Ｌ /Ｑ 中國(guó)： 美國(guó)： 21 ＝，＝ Ｗaa R ＝，＝ Ｗaa R17 ② 貿(mào)易格局的產(chǎn)生 同種產(chǎn)品價(jià)格存在差別 ， 就可能會(huì)使某些人從事貿(mào)易而套取利潤(rùn) 。 ? 衡量方法兩種： A、勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率 Ｖ＝Ｑ /Ｌ Ａ國(guó)在該產(chǎn)品就有絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì) B、生產(chǎn)成本 ａ＝Ｌ /Ｑ Ｂ國(guó)在該產(chǎn)品上有絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì) 注意：勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率與生產(chǎn)成本互為倒數(shù)。最為重要的是，在生產(chǎn)中所耗費(fèi)的資源少于其它同類產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)者。 ?《 國(guó)富論 》 中提出了絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)理論，首先闡明的是各國(guó)為什么需要從事國(guó)際貿(mào)易，通過國(guó)家與家庭進(jìn)行對(duì)比來描述國(guó)際貿(mào)易的必要性。 現(xiàn)在談這本書一是了解它；二是顯示這本書在影響世界歷史進(jìn)程中的作用。 rather, it is the unintended oute of the actions of many people, each of whom is pursuing the incentives the market offers with his or her own interests in mind. 8 “It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our d
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