【正文】 nds. ? Some words tend to belong to fields that are vague or difficult to define. . cute, difficult, easy, smart, etc. ? Some may validly be assigned to more than one field. . orange → fruit orange → color bark → onomatopoeic words(擬聲詞 ) bark → part of plant ? It is difficult to find the best way to define a semantic field in relation to the other fields and its constituent words. . tractor → ? the field of agricultural vehicles tractor → ? land vehicles tractor → ? vehicles Componential analysis is used to express the meaning of a word in terms of its semantic ponents. . women [+human] [+adult] [+female] man [+human] [+adult] [+male] boy [+human] [adult] [+male] girl [+human] [adult] [+female] As noted by Jackson and Amvela (2022), semantic field analysis has been used to the descriptions of vocabulary in dictionaries. ? Roget’s Thesaurus, which is an example of a semantic field arrangement of English vocabulary. ? McArthur’s Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English. ? Longman Dictionary of Scientific Usage (1979). Summary Filling the blanks 1. Language is a system of symbols based on , and . 2. To be more exact, linguistics is the study of human speech including the , , , and of language. 3. is the study of the forms of words and their ponents. physiology psychology physics units nature structure Morphologymodification Summary Filling the blanks 4. is the smallest meaningful unit in a language, consisting of a word or part of a word that cannot be divided without losing its meaning. 5. is the study of meaning and tries to explain and describe meaning in natural languages. 6. In addition to phonemes, there are three other sound characteristics: , , and . MorphemeSemantics stress pitch juncture Summary Filling the blanks 7. In traditional grammar, eight parts of speech are distinguished in English: , , , , , , , . 8. Quirk et al.(1985) distinguished the preposition, pronoun, determiner, conjunction, auxiliary verb as , and noun, adjective, verb, adverb as . Besides, lesser categories are and . noun pronoun adjective verb adverb preposition conjunction interjection closed classes opened classes numeral interjection Summary Filling the blanks 9. English words can be divided into several words classes. However, words can also be classified into and . 10. Generally speaking, lexical words are nouns, verbs, adjectives, and , while grammatical words are words like pronouns, prepositions, , , , , and so on. lexical words grammatical words adverbs demonstrative determiners conjunctions auxiliary verbs Summary Explain these items 1. Lexicology . 2. Etymology . 3. Word . 4. Pitch . is the branch of linguistics concerned with the study of the vocabulary of a given language is the study of the whole history of words is used traditionally to refer to a sequence of letters bounded by spaces refers to voice tones, which may range from high to low in a typical utterance Summary Explain these items 5. Semantic field . is a named area of meaning in which lexemes interrelate and define each other in specific ways back Exercise 1 I. Multiple Choice. 1. B. Etymology 2. C. singing 3. B. Semantics 4. D. Etymology 5. A. Word 6. B. Pitch 7. C. Juncture 8. A. Stress 9. D. because . home Exercise 1 II. T or F Questions. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. F 8.