【正文】 think）4. How to understand cultural Iceberg?P6~7Like an iceberg what we can see about culture is just the tip of the iceberg。 and vocal segregates Mtime (monochromic time schedule ):Mtime cultures tend to think of time as something fixed in nature ,something around us and from which we can not escape 。vocal characterizers 。s a kind of culture in which people are very homogeneous with regard to experiences ,information networks ,and the like ,. Chinese ,Japanese Lowcontext culture :it39。 and (4)great readiness to cooperate with ingroup membership .Power distance :it’s the extent to which a society accepts that power in relationships ,institutions, and organizations is distributed unequally .Context :it’s the information that surrounds an event ,it is in extricably bound up with the meaning of the event .Highcontext munication :it is a kind of munication in which most of the information is already in the person 。 (3)beliefs shared with the ingroup?？缥幕浑H學題型名詞解釋整理：Intercultural munication :intercultural munication is a facetoface munication between people from different cultural backgrounds .Intracultural munication :intracultural munication can be defined as the extent to which there is shared interpersonal munication between members of the same culture –whether this is in the majority .or within minority cultures .Perception :in its simplest sense ,perception is ,as Marshall singer tells us “the process by which an individual selects ,evaluates ,and organizes stimuli from the external world .”in other words ,perception is an internal process whereby we convert the physical energies of the world into meaningful internal experiences .Individualism :broadly speaking ,individualism refers to the doctrine theater the interests of the individual are of ought to be paramount ,and that all values ,rights and duties originate in individual s ,it emphasizes individual initiative ,independence ,individual expression ,and even privacy .Collectivism: it is characterized by a rigid social framework that distinguish between ingroups and outgroups .people expect their ingroup to look after them ,and in exchange for that they fell they owe absolute loyalty to the group .collectivism means greater emphasis on (1)the views ,needs ,and goals of the ingroups rather than oneself 。 (2)social norms and duty defined by the ingroup rather than behavior to get pleasure 。 rather than beliefs that distinguish self from ingroup 。 while very little is in the coded ,explicitly transmitted part of the message ,.,Chinese ,Japanese Lowcontext munication :it’s just the opposite of highcontext munication . it’s the mass of information is rested in the explicit code ,. American German Highcontext culture :it39。s a kind of culture in which the population is less homogeneous and therefore tends to partmentalize interpersonal contacts ,. American ,German Activity orientation :it is the way a culture views activity ,which is classified by kluckhohns and strodtbeck as being ,beinginbeing ,and doing. Nonverbal munication: nonverbal munication involves all those nonverbal stimuli in a munication setting that are generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receiver. Paralanguage :certain vocal cues provided us with information with which to make judgments about characters’ personalities’, emotional States ,and rhetorical activity .Paralanguage involves the linguistic elements of speech ,that is ,how something is said and not the actual meaning of the spoken words .most classifications divide paralanguage into three kinds of vocalizations 。vocal qualifiers 。 and everpresent part of the environment ,just like the air we breathe Ptime (polychromic time schedule ):Ptime cultures deal with time holistically and place great stock in the activity occurring at the moment .Polychronic time cultures emphasize people more than schedules .For Ptime cultures ,time is less tangible and hence feeing of wasted time are not as prevalent as Mtime cultures .Proverbs :(1) even the dog