【正文】 sist of=prise=be posed of= be made up of包含，包括 v.38. focus on=deals only with=concentrate專注于 v.39. affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影響 v.40. gained from=e from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from/be derived from=develop from/evolve from產(chǎn)生于…. V.41. concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important關(guān)心，擔(dān)心n.Cambridge4 TEST41. official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的 adj.2. athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition運(yùn)動的 adj.3. intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加強(qiáng)的 adj.4. burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突發(fā) 5. recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell認(rèn)出，承認(rèn)v.6. inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short 不足的 adj.7. develop=e from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=be derived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from發(fā)展，生長 v.8. enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能夠 v.9. predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance預(yù)測 v.10. specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert專家 n.11. theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of the ideas or practical experience理論的 adj.12. basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=lowtech基本的 adj.13. nature=plants/animals etc=somebody39。 a time or arrangement that is convenient 方便的 adj.33. objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客觀的 adj.34. enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 調(diào)查 35. observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note bee aware/conscious=catch s ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in the future= final最終的，根本的 adj.22. atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth氣氛。s face, such as their eyes, nose etc特點(diǎn) n.18. planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球 n.19. unpredictable=can39。 防御n.36. strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.37. assist=help=aid=with the aid of幫助 v.38. specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be more specific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39. substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物質(zhì) n.40. surroundings=environment=circumstance 環(huán)境 n.41. engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇傭 v.42. bine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute聯(lián)合v.43. survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST31. quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writing because it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2. exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example of something 例證 v.3. explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解釋v.4. outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述 v.5. purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的 n.6. encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebody up to鼓勵 v.7. loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 貸款 n.8. poverty= being poor貧窮n.9. crime= illegal activities in general犯罪 n.10. reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with somethings advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice資詢v.16. alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一個 17. therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness臨床醫(yī)學(xué)家n.18. retrain=taking courses再教育v.19. salary=pay=wage=ine=earnings=fee工資，收入n.20. longterm=chronic=longrunning=longstanding=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable長期的adj.21. plaint=plain=make a plaint=protest=object=plain抱怨n.22. illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病 n.23. connection=relationship=link=correlation聯(lián)系 n.24. beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的 adj.25. insight=prehension=understanding理解，見解 n.26. physical=relating to the body=bodily身體的 adj.27. hazard=risk=danger=threat障礙，危險n.28. acpany=with=together=along with=e wit陪伴,伴隨 29. mental=relating to the health or state of someone39。. . . . .Cambridge同義詞替換大全(劍橋48)Cambridge4 TEST11. ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，無視 v.2. encounter=face=confront=meet遇見，遭遇v.3. mistaken view=misconception錯誤的觀點(diǎn)n.4. easy to reach=accessible容易達(dá)到的adj.5. change=modify(modification) 改變v.6. destruction=destroy=loss毀壞n.7. investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 調(diào)查v.8. where=geographical location 表地點(diǎn) 9. important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10. reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11. protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保護(hù)v.12. newspapers, television=media媒體n.13. where to live=habitat居住地n.14. get warmer=global warming變暖n.15. contribute to=play a part有助于v.16. survive=continuing existence幸存，活下來v. 17. curriculum=course=syllabus課程n.18. link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相聯(lián)系v.19. underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不發(fā)達(dá)的adj.20. poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak貧窮的，可憐的adj.21. exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.22. mating=courtship交配.23. follow=track=tai