【正文】 t/lose oneself in thought muse ponder (over)… deliberate appeal to resort ..to歸因于（因?yàn)椋簊b attribute/ascribe/owe sth1 to sth2 sth1 be …/…/… to sth2 sth2 account for sth1 owe sth1 to sth2經(jīng)得起推敲：hold water bear much analysis convictive forcible cogent代表：on behalf of represent symbolize stand for exemplify 形象:image features perception profile取決于…/根據(jù)…:in terms of…,… according to…,… In accordance with…/… in line with on basis ofRest on/with depend on lie on/in with reference to… hang on sth…暗示/意味著：mean doing imply signify suggest indicate 同時(shí)：meanwhile at the same/mean time 同意/支持：be in favour of approve of agree with advocate back up sustain one’s claim that…Give strong backing to stand by sth concur in doing/with sth endorse=give endorsement to ply withAccede to sth embrace sth have faith in sth/sb相信 support觀點(diǎn)：opinion view point viewpoint point of view contention be favourable to standpoint outlook Attitude of mind conception當(dāng)做/認(rèn)作：regard sth as consider sth (to be) sth refer to sth as perceive sth as identify sb with sth View sth as致命的：deadly fatal lethal mortal毫無(wú)價(jià)值的：worthless valueless meaningless pointless vain useless vainly=in vain徒勞的很有價(jià)值：invaluable valuable priceless meaningful 舉例：taking…as exaples to illustrate the best illustration is … for example/instance同樣的,…: by the same token,… vice versa,…(反之亦然)專家：expert specialist professional 高等教育：post secondary education 單向交流：oneway munication 應(yīng)試教育/素質(zhì)教育：examoriented education/quality education義務(wù)教育：pulsory education社交：socialize with get on (well) with 暴動(dòng)：rebellion turbulence riot violent disturbance uprising (起義)鎮(zhèn)壓：suppress repress put down 領(lǐng)域：field realm area著手做/開(kāi)始：set out to do embark on begin/start to do(一次性動(dòng)作) begin/start doing(指動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某時(shí)間點(diǎn)開(kāi)始，并已經(jīng)持續(xù)一段時(shí)間) take up enter into launch out into mence get down to set out to do=set to doing構(gòu)成/組成: A is made up of/posed of/ made of/from B A由B組成 A prise of/consist of/constitute of/include B A由B組成禁止：prohibit sb from doing/sb’s doing sth forbid sb from doing/to do interdict sb from doing ban被困住，遭遇：be tied up in… be held up in… be stuck by/in… be delayed by /in be caught in成年人：adult grownup老人：aged people elderly old people pastwealthbuilder保護(hù)：protect preserve conserve keep sb away/free from sth shield sb/sth from sb/sth prevent sb from doing safeguard欣喜若狂：be wild with joy run into rapture 傾向于：be inclined to do tend/trend to do be disposed to prefer would rather do be prone to do(壞事) Apt to do激勵(lì)/激發(fā)：stimulate spur inspire motivate 泄露：let out betray break sth to sb denounce sb as…復(fù)雜的:lex(結(jié)構(gòu)) plicated profound perplexing(難懂) intricate易變的：changeful changeable fickleminded inconstant=unconstant mutable variable volatile mercurial多樣的：various assort diverse a variety of持久的：permanent enduring durable lasting everlasting eternal deathless perpetual abiding對(duì)付/處理：tackle handle deal with cope with solve resolve起…的作用/扮演…的覺(jué)色：play a role of serve a purpose as 利用:utilize make (full) use of take advantage of avail oneself of sth 事實(shí)上/實(shí)際上：actually as a matter of fact in fact virtually 受益/獲利：benefit/profit from 折磨/使痛苦：torture torment afflict languish(受折磨)公益廣告：public service advertisement nonprofit advertisement 優(yōu)點(diǎn)：merit advantage strength strong point virtue predominance asset缺點(diǎn)：shorting drawback disadvantage weakness defect flaw weak point vulnerable point vulnerability demerit 站不住腳的/有爭(zhēng)議的：disputable lame groundless untenable flimsy ambiguous unbelievable unreliableIncredible tangential(離題的) equivocal方面/角度：from… aspect/perspective/respect當(dāng)今的/最近：In this day and age In present/contemporary society current recent nowadays杰出的/著名的：wellknown famous renowned outstanding celebrated distinguished remarkable notableReputable prominent household name（家喻戶曉的名字）脆弱的:vulnerable fragile weak frail flimsy brittle faint樂(lè)意/主動(dòng)/情愿做：be willing/ready to do… do sth voluntarily/on a voluntary basis offer to do volunteer to doBe disposed to do do…out of one’s accord勉強(qiáng)/不愿做：grudge(doing) sth be reluctant to do sth do…reluctantly do…grudgingly劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)：strenuous exercise熱點(diǎn)話題：a hot topic(of discussion) a hotly debated topic立法：vi. Legislate vt. Legislate aginst…(立法，以控制…) enact a law launch a law后代：offspring descendant next generation later generation posterity屈服/遵守：obey observe ply with submit oneself to be submissive to give in yield(a step) to sbSuccumb to sb be obedient to follow hew to abide by容忍/忍耐：endure tolerate bear stand abide hold with put up with can not abide(無(wú)法忍受)強(qiáng)迫/被迫：enforce sth force/pel/constrain/oblige sb to do sb be …ed todo coerce sb into doingImpose /obtrude sth on/upon sb生效: go/e into force/effect take effect名望/聲譽(yù)：reputation renown fame prominence 集中(注意力等)/關(guān)心，擔(dān)心/致力于：concentrate (one’s attention) on pay attention to focus on specialize in=concentrate one’s effort on=be dedicated/devoted to=dedicate/devote oneself to worry about(擔(dān)心，動(dòng)作) be worried about（擔(dān)心，狀態(tài)） sth concern sb(使某人擔(dān)心) 改變/轉(zhuǎn)化：change alter sth vary according to…(某物因…而異) modify convert sth into sth be converted into sb convert to sth(改變觀點(diǎn)，信仰) convert sb to sth transform switch sth switch over to sth Shif sth(from)…to… sth1vary with sth2(sth1因?yàn)閟th2而異)誹謗/詆毀/侮辱：vt. calumniate n. libel n. scandal vt./n. slander vt./n. affront 侮辱 vt. humiliate 侮辱n. indignity 侮辱 n./vt. Insult 侮辱 n. shame 侮辱 vt. Decry 詆毀 vt. Bespatter 詆毀 vt. Vilipend相對(duì)：relative parative除此之外/更有甚者/而且：to crown it all,… further more moreover what is more in addition(to sth)Besides additional apart from except for…(若不是)激發(fā)/刺激/促進(jìn)：activate sb to do motivate sb to do stimulate sb/sth