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1.分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) l)分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。 4)作定語.例如: He has a reading room.2.動名詞的復合結構 動名詞的復合結構由形容詞性的物主代詞或人稱代詞的賓格,名詞所有格或普通格加動名詞構成.在句子開頭必須用名詞所有格或形容詞性的物主代詞.例如: His ing made me very happy. Mary’s crying annoyed him. She didn’t mind his crying. Is there any hope of Xiao Wang’s winning. 3.動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài). l)動名詞的時態(tài) 動名詞的時態(tài)分一般式和完成式兩種,如果動名詞的動作沒有明確地表示出時間是與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或在謂語動作以前發(fā)生,用動名詞的一般式.例如: We are interested in playing chess. His ing will be of great help to us. 如果動名詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前,通常用動名詞的完成時態(tài)。? 注⑦start,begin,continue在書面語中多后接動名詞,在口語中多后接不定式。 t allow students to smoke. 注④動詞 need,require,want作“需要”解,其后跟動詞作它的賓語時,必須用動名詞,或不定式的被動式.這時,動名詞的主動式表示被動意義.例如: The window needs( requires,wants) cleaning( to be cleaned) 注⑤在短語 devote to,look forward to,stick to,to be used to,object to,thank you for,excuse me for,be( kept) busy,be worth,have difficulty/ trouble/ problem (in),have a good/ wonderful/ hard time(in),there’s no use/good/ need,feel/ look/seem/ like/get down to?等后的動詞也必須用動名詞形式.例如: I look forward to hearing from you soon. 注⑥在 love,hate,prefer等動詞后用動名詞或不定式無多大區(qū)別。 I remember doing the exercise. (我記得做過練習.) I must remember to do it. (我必須記著做這事.) I tried not to go there.(我沒法不去那里.) I tried doing it again. (我試著又干了一次.) Stop speaking. (不要講話。在句中起名詞作用,可作主語、賓語、表語和定語. 1)作主語.例如: Seeing is believing. Laying eggs is the ant queen’s full time job. It is no use arguing with him. 注意:動名詞和不定式都可以作主語,動名詞作主語表示一般或抽象的多次性行為,不定式作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動作.例如:要找出例證 Playing with fire is dangerous.(泛指玩火) To play with fire will be dangerous.(指一具體動作) 但在 It is no use/ good,not any use/ good,useless等后必需用動名詞。例如: He asked to be sent to work in the countryside. It is possible for our hopes to be realized. (二)動名詞 1.動名詞由動詞 + ing構成。 注意:在與 why連用時,只用于 why或 why not開頭的簡短疑問句中,后面緊跟的動詞不定式不帶 to. 例如: Why not have a rest? 9)不定式在句中用主動式還是被動式。 4)作定語.例如: I have some books for you to read. 注①作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞,或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等,不定式后面須有相應的介詞.例如:He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about. Please give me a knife to cut with. 但是,不定式所修飾的名詞如果是 time,place或 way,不定式后面的介詞習慣上要省去.例如: He had no