【正文】 Query ResultsEnd UserParsing and Transforming formatsClusteringDocument Preprocessing Query processingSemantic Search Service Architecture29Personalized Serviceo Make a specific information service that can adapt to the behavior of each user.o Provide a mechanism that can observe and analyze the browsing behavior of each user.o Produce a structure with personal custom and preferences for other services using.30HistoryUser UsedBehaviorFunctionalizationEnd UserWWWPersonal Log FilesRepositoryBrowsedContentsRepositoryLog FileRecordingEngineWeb ContentRecordingEngineFunction ofBrowsingFrequencyFunction ofBrowsingTimeFuzzyInferencePresentPreferenceDegreeContentConceptualizationamp。μC3E1,μC3E2,…, μC3Ep}AC31,AC32 ,…,A C3q3{C4。μCmE1,μCmE2,…, μCmEp}ACm1,ACm2,…, ACmqmOCm1 ,OCm1,…, OCmqm{C2。建構(gòu) CMMI知識(shí)地圖李健興長(zhǎng)榮大學(xué)資訊管理系副教授兼資訊工程系籌備處主任2022/11/171Outlineo Introductiono The Structure of Ontologyo Ontologybased Knowledge Management Systemo Ontology Constructiono CMMI Ontologyo CMMI Assistant Toolso CMMI Ontology Extractiono Future Works2Introduction3Ontology (知識(shí)地圖 )o The ontology is a collection of key concepts and their interrelationships collectively providing an abstract view of an application domain. o An ontology is a formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualization.n Conceptualizationn Explicitn Formal4Ontology (知識(shí)地圖 )o Ontology–explicit formal specifications of the terms in the domain and relations among them.o An ontology contains a hierarchy of concepts within a domain and describes each concept’s property through an attributevalue mechanism.o Relations between concepts describe additional logical sentence.5Ontology (知識(shí)地圖 )o The main application areas of ontology technologyn Knowledge managementn Web mercen Electronic businessn Database designn Natural language processingn Multi agent systemn ………6飛機(jī)航空公司 :班機(jī)號(hào)碼 :時(shí)間 :速度 :價(jià)格 :交通資訊臺(tái)北 ?臺(tái)南 臺(tái)北 ?高雄 臺(tái)北 ?澎湖自行開車路線 :時(shí)間 :火車班次 :車種 :時(shí)間 :速度 :價(jià)格 :搭巴士巴士公司 :路線 :時(shí)間 :價(jià)格 :Example…搭船船公司 :路線 :時(shí)間 :價(jià)格 :7Ontology Example發(fā)佈、表示導(dǎo)致、造成、帶來氣象影響向、往帶來、引進(jìn)氣象報(bào)導(dǎo) 氣象百科 天文. . . . . . 寒流 颱風(fēng) 降雨. . . . . . . . . . . . RelationAssociation中央氣象局 /氣象局型態(tài)：預(yù)報(bào)人員、 天氣圖表示、警告、評(píng)估颱風(fēng)編號(hào) :***(Neu)號(hào)中心位置：:***(Nc)(Ncd)(Neu)(Nf)強(qiáng)度 :輕度颱風(fēng)型態(tài) :暴風(fēng)圈 來襲、形成、登陸降雨降雨量 ***(Neu)公釐累積雨量 ***(Neu)公釐種類 :大雨、陣雨、 大雷雨、豪雨 、豪大雨型態(tài)：雨量、打雷發(fā)生、襲擊、增加移動(dòng)方向方向 :東方、南方 西北方、東 南方移動(dòng)、靠近、前進(jìn)氣流型態(tài) :西南氣流、 冷氣流接近、影響、流動(dòng)農(nóng)林漁牧業(yè)型態(tài) :漁港、農(nóng)田 、農(nóng)作物、 魚貨量避風(fēng)、休耕地區(qū)區(qū)域 :山區(qū)、平地、 臺(tái)灣、中部、 東半部各縣市：臺(tái)北市、臺(tái) 南縣海域 :東海、南海海岸 :西海岸、沙岸呈現(xiàn)、滯留、徘徊 災(zāi)害型態(tài) :水災(zāi)、旱象、 土石流、山崩 、洪水、房屋 倒塌、河水暴 漲、落石、雷 擊、霜害 來襲、形成、登陸氣壓型態(tài) :副熱帶高氣 壓、熱帶性 低氣壓增強(qiáng)為、逼近發(fā)生導(dǎo)致造成民眾 /人民型態(tài) :人數(shù)注意、受困提醒時(shí)間型態(tài) :最近、昨日、 今日、白天、 午後根據(jù)、開始 8DAML+OIL format?xml version=‘’ encoding=‘Big5’?rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf = xmlns:rdfs= xmlns:daml=” xmlns:xsd = xmlns:a =” ”daml:Ontology rdf:about=”氣象 ” daml:imports rdf:resource=” / /daml:Ontologydaml:Class rdf:ID=”氣象 ”/daml:Classdaml:Class rdf:ID=”氣象報(bào)導(dǎo) ” …… …… ……daml:range rdf:resource=” 災(zāi)害 ”//daml:ObjectPropertydaml:ObjectProperty rdf:ID=”影響 ” daml:domain rdf:resource=” 災(zāi)害 ”/ daml:range rdf:resource=” 農(nóng)林漁牧業(yè) ”//daml:ObjectProperty/rdf:RDF 9Characteristics of Ontologyo Formal Semanticso Consensus of termso Machine readable and processableo Model of real worldo Domain specific10Reasons to Develop Ontologieso To share mon understanding of the structure of information among people or software agents.o To enable reuse of domain knowledge.o To make domain assumptions explicit.o To separate domain knowledge from the operational knowledge.o To analyze domain knowledge. 11Process of Developing an Ontologyo Developing an ontology includes:n Determine the domain and scope of the ontology.n Consider reusing existing ontologies.n Enumerate important terms in the ontology.n Define classes in the ontology and arrange the classes in a taxonomic (subclasssuperclass) hierarchy.n Define attribute and describe allowed values for these attribute.n Fill in the values for attribute for instance.12Ontology Learning Process13The Structure of Ontology14The threelayered objectoriented ontology DomainCategory 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category k…Concept 1Attributes 1Operations