【正文】 risk criteria () to determine whether the risk () and/or its magnitude is acceptable or tolerable對比風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的過程，以決定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及其級數(shù)是否能夠接受和容忍N(yùn)OTE Risk evaluation assists in the decision about risk treatment ().風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)幫助風(fēng)險(xiǎn)處理決策[ISO Guide 73:2009, definition ] treatment風(fēng)險(xiǎn)處理process to modify risk ()修正風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的流程N(yùn)OTE 1 Risk treatment can involve:風(fēng)險(xiǎn)處理包括：? avoiding the risk by deciding not to start or continue with the activity that gives rise to the risk。然而，在英語中，“概率”通常被狹義解釋為數(shù)學(xué)術(shù)語。s () 、技術(shù)分析、知情人、專家和利益相關(guān)者的意見[ISO Guide 73:2009, definition ] source風(fēng)險(xiǎn)源element which alone or in bination has the intrinsic potential to give rise to risk ()單獨(dú)或聯(lián)合具有內(nèi)在的潛在引起危險(xiǎn)的因素NOTE A risk source can be tangible or [ISO Guide 73:2009, definition ]occurrence or change of a particular set of circumstances特別環(huán)境的產(chǎn)生或者變化NOTE 1 An event can be one or more occurrences, and can have several ，并且會有多種原因NOTE 2 An event can consist of something not NOTE 3 An event can sometimes be referred to as an “incident” or “accident”.一個(gè)事件有時(shí)被稱為“偶然事件”或“事故”NOTE 4 An event without consequences can also be referred to as a “near miss”, “incident”, “near hit” or “close call”.一個(gè)不會產(chǎn)生后果的事件可以被稱為“近乎為零”、“偶然事件”、“near hit” or “close call”[ISO Guide 73:2009, definition ]oute of an event () affecting objectives事件對目標(biāo)的影響結(jié)果NOTE 1 An event can lead to a range of NOTE 2 A consequence can be certain or uncertain and can have positive or negative effects on 、積極或消極的NOTE 3 Consequences can be expressed qualitatively or ，也可能是數(shù)量上的NOTE 4 Initial consequences can escalate through knockon ，產(chǎn)生連鎖效應(yīng)[ISO Guide 73:2009, definition ]chance of something happening某事發(fā)生的機(jī)會NOTE 1 In risk management terminology, the word “l(fā)ikelihood” is used to refer to the chance of something happening,whether defined, measured or determined objectively or subjectively, qualitatively or quantitatively, and described using general terms or mathematically (such as a probability or a frequency over a given time period).在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理術(shù)語中，“可能性”是指事情發(fā)生的機(jī)會，不論是界定，衡量或客觀或主觀的確定，定性或定量、一般的或精確的描述（如在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)事情發(fā)生的幾率和頻率）NOTE 2 The English term “l(fā)ikelihood” does not have a direct equivalent in some languages。協(xié)商是：? a process which impacts on a decision through influence rather than power。組織文化? standards, guidelines and models adopted by the organization。內(nèi)部利益相關(guān)者價(jià)值觀之間的關(guān)系? the organization39。內(nèi)部利益相關(guān)者的價(jià)值觀? information systems, information flows and decisionmaking processes (both formal and informal)。政策、目標(biāo)、實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的戰(zhàn)略? the capabilities, understood in terms of resources and knowledge (. capital, time, people, processes, systems and technologies)。 and影響該組織的主要驅(qū)動和趨勢? relationships with, and perceptions and values of, external stakeholders ().與外部利益相關(guān)者之間的關(guān)系和價(jià)值觀[ISO Guide 73:2009, definition ] context內(nèi)部環(huán)境internal environment in which the organization seeks to achieve its objectivesNOTE Internal context can include:內(nèi)部環(huán)境包括? governance, organizational structure, roles and accountabilities。s approach to assess and eventually pursue, retain, take or turn away from risk ()組織評估、追求、保留、采取或避開風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的處理手段[ISO Guide 73:2009, definition ] appetite風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好amount and type of risk () that an organization is prepared to pursue, retain or take一個(gè)組織追求、保留或采取風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的數(shù)量和類型[ISO Guide 73:2009, definition ] aversion風(fēng)險(xiǎn)規(guī)避attitude to turn away from risk ()避開風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的態(tài)度[ISO Guide 73:2009, definition ] management plan風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理計(jì)劃scheme within the risk management framework () specifying the approach, the management ponents and resources to be applied to the management of risk ()為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理框架方案指定方法、管理措施、資源以用于管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)NOTE 1 Management ponents typically include procedures, practices, assignment of responsibilities, sequence and timing of 、做法、職責(zé)分配、序列和及時(shí)的行動NOTE 2 The risk management plan can be applied to a particular product, process and project, and part or whole of the 、流程和項(xiàng)目、部分或整個(gè)組織 [ISO Guide 73:2009, definition ] owner風(fēng)險(xiǎn)所有者person or entity with the accountability and authority to manage the risk ()對風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理持有權(quán)力和責(zé)任的個(gè)人或?qū)嶓w[ISO Guide 73:2009, definition ] management process風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理流程systematic application of management policies, procedures and practices to the activities of municating,consulting, establishing the context, and identifying, analyzing, evaluating, treating, monitoring () and reviewing risk ()系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用管理政策，程序和溝通協(xié)商，在建立的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理環(huán)境下，識別，分析，評價(jià)，處理，監(jiān)測和審查風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[ISO Guide 73:2009, definition ] the context環(huán)境建設(shè)defining the external and internal parameters to be taken into account when managing risk, and setting the scope and risk criteria () for the risk management policy ()界定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理應(yīng)該考慮的外部和內(nèi)部參數(shù)，并設(shè)置風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理政策的范圍和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[ISO Guide 73:2009, definition ] external context外部環(huán)境external environment in which the organization seeks to achieve its objectivesNOTE External context can include:外部環(huán)境包括? the cultural, social, political, legal, regulatory, financial, technological, economic, natural and petitive environment,whether international, national, regional or local。NOTE 5 Uncertainty is the state, even partial, of deficiency of information related to, understanding or knowledge of an event, its consequence, or likelihood.[ISO Guide 73:2009, definition ] management風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理coordinated activities to direct and control an organization with regard to risk ()一個(gè)組織對風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的指揮和控制的一系列協(xié)調(diào)活動[ISO Guide 73:2009, definition ] management framework風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理框架set of ponents that provide the foundations and organizational arrangements for designing, implementing,monitoring (), reviewing and continually improving risk management () throughout the organization 組織對風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的設(shè)計(jì)、實(shí)施、監(jiān)控、檢查和持續(xù)改進(jìn)等進(jìn)行的一系列基礎(chǔ)的組織安排NOTE 1 The foundations include the policy, objectives, mandate and mitment to manage risk ().基礎(chǔ)包括管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的政策、目標(biāo)、任務(wù)和承諾NOTE 2 The organizational arrangements include plans, relationships, accountabilities, resources, processes and 、關(guān)系、職責(zé)、資源、流程和活動NOTE 3 The risk management framework is embedded within the organization39。NOTE 3 Risk is often characterized by reference to potential events () and consequences (), or a bination of these.注3：風(fēng)險(xiǎn)通常被描述為潛在事件（）和后果（），或