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20xx人教版新教材七年級下生物知識點總結(jié)-文庫吧資料

2024-11-16 11:08本頁面
  

【正文】 of bining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and selfdiscipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the party39。 two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the 18 authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue。 the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat。s eighteen years prehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of the ICAC guidelines in in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2020, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an 17 important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too plicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice。s leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the code and rule , reflects the party39。 the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. code and Regulations revised the necessity and revised 16 history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations column 1 by 2020 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation。 the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party。 3)、生長激素、甲狀腺激素、胰島素: 名稱 腺體 作用 過少 過多 生長激素 垂體 調(diào)節(jié)人體的生長發(fā)育 幼年:侏儒癥 幼年:巨人癥; 成年:肢端肥大癥 甲狀腺激素 甲狀腺 促進新陳代謝,促進生長發(fā)育,提高神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的興奮性 幼年:呆小癥;成年:甲狀腺功能不足;食物缺碘,引起地方性甲狀腺腫 成年:甲狀腺功能亢進 胰島素 胰島 調(diào)節(jié)糖的吸收、利用和轉(zhuǎn)化,降低血糖濃度 糖尿病,可注射胰島素制劑來治療 低血糖 5)神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)和激素調(diào)節(jié)的關(guān)系:人體的生命活動的調(diào)節(jié)主要受到神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的調(diào)節(jié),但也受到激素的調(diào)節(jié) 第七章、人類活動對生物圈的影響 分析人類活動破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境的實例 人類活動改善生態(tài)環(huán)境- “ 三北 ” 防護林 14 大肆砍伐森林,破壞植被 人類活動破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境 草原過度放牧,沙塵暴危害嚴(yán)重 大量捕殺野生動物 大量使用農(nóng)藥、化肥污染環(huán)境等 環(huán)境污染: 概念:指人們在生產(chǎn)或者生活中排放的有害物質(zhì),對環(huán)境的影響 酸雨對生物的影響(書 ) 大氣污染 溫室效應(yīng)和臭氧破壞(見書p111) 水污染:太湖水滋生大量藍(lán)藻,湖水變臭 類型 固體廢棄物污染:廢舊電池對生物的影響(控制措施:書 P110) 土壤污染:白色垃圾、工業(yè) 廢渣 噪音污染 擬定保護生態(tài)環(huán)境的計劃 保護生態(tài)環(huán)境要做好以下工作:保護森林和植被 控制酸雨,減少環(huán)境污染 提高全民的環(huán)境保護意識 15 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of prehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen innerparty supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the code adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard。 **區(qū)別于:應(yīng)激性 2.膝跳反射的實驗: P91 13 扣擊部位:膝蓋下位的韌帶 現(xiàn)象:小腿以膝蓋為軸,突然跳起來 感受器:股四頭肌及肌腱內(nèi)的感覺神經(jīng)末梢 效應(yīng)器:股四頭肌及其內(nèi)的運動神經(jīng)末梢 神經(jīng)中樞:脊髓灰質(zhì)內(nèi)的膝跳反射中樞 3.反射弧的概念:參與反射的神經(jīng)結(jié)構(gòu) 組成:感 受器 傳入神經(jīng) 神經(jīng)中樞 傳出神經(jīng) 效應(yīng)器(書 P92) 反射活動的完成必須要有完整的反射弧。 周圍神經(jīng)系統(tǒng) 腦神經(jīng) 主要分布在頭部的感覺器官、皮膚和肌肉里,傳導(dǎo)神經(jīng)沖 動 脊神經(jīng) 分布在軀干、 四肢的皮膚和肌肉里,傳導(dǎo)神經(jīng)沖動 神經(jīng)元 是神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的基本單位: 1)結(jié)構(gòu) 細(xì)胞體 軸突:一條,長而分支少 突起 樹突:數(shù)條,短而呈樹狀分枝 軸突 集結(jié)成束,外包上結(jié)締組織膜 髓鞘 神經(jīng)纖維(末端的細(xì)小分支為神經(jīng)末梢) 神經(jīng) 2)功能:感受刺激,產(chǎn)生興奮,傳 導(dǎo)興奮(興奮是以神經(jīng)沖動的形式傳導(dǎo)的) 二.人的視覺和聽覺 1.眼球的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能(圖片見書 P79) 外膜 角膜:外膜的前部,無色透明,可透光 鞏膜:白色,保護眼球內(nèi)部的作用 虹膜:中膜的前部,有色素,中央是瞳孔通光,虹膜收縮可調(diào)節(jié)瞳孔眼球壁的大小 中膜 : 脈絡(luò)膜:占中膜 2/3的后部,有血管(營養(yǎng)眼球)、色素細(xì)胞(遮光并使眼球內(nèi)部形成 “ 暗室 ” ) 內(nèi)膜:視網(wǎng)膜,上有大量感光細(xì)胞,能感受光的刺激 內(nèi)容物 晶狀體:雙凸鏡,曲度可以調(diào)節(jié),使眼睛看清遠(yuǎn) 近不同的物體 玻璃體:透明膠狀物質(zhì) 1)視覺的形成: ( 1)成像: 光線 經(jīng)折光 12 角膜 瞳孔 晶狀體 玻璃體 在視網(wǎng)膜上形成物像 ( 2)形成視覺: 沿著視神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo) 外界光線 在視網(wǎng)膜上成像,感光細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生興奮,產(chǎn)生神經(jīng)沖動 大腦皮 層的視覺中樞,形成視覺 2)眼的衛(wèi)生保?。? 近視:由于眼球前后徑過長,或晶狀體曲度過大,物像落在視網(wǎng)膜的前方 矯正:戴 凹透鏡 遠(yuǎn)視:由于眼球前后徑過短,或晶狀體曲度過小,物像落在視網(wǎng)膜的后方 矯正:戴 凸透鏡 2.耳的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能: 外耳 耳郭 收集、傳導(dǎo)聲波 外耳道 鼓膜:接受聲波,產(chǎn)生振動 ( 1)中耳 鼓室:有咽鼓管與咽部相通,保持鼓膜內(nèi)外大氣壓的平衡 聽小骨:三塊,將鼓膜的振動傳導(dǎo)至 內(nèi)耳 半規(guī)管 與維持身體平衡有關(guān) 內(nèi)耳 前庭 耳蝸:內(nèi)有聽覺感受器,能接受聲音刺激產(chǎn)生神經(jīng)沖動 ( 2)聽覺的形成 沿著聽小骨傳導(dǎo) 沿著聽覺神經(jīng) 聲波 鼓膜(產(chǎn)生振動) 耳蝸(產(chǎn)生神 經(jīng)沖動) 大 腦的聽覺中樞 (形成聽覺 ) 三、神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)的基本方式 1.反射的概念:動物(包括人)通過神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),對外界或內(nèi)部的各種刺激所產(chǎn)生的有規(guī)律的反應(yīng)。 2.腎小管的重吸收作用:對人體有用的物質(zhì),包括大部分水、全部葡萄糖和部分無機鹽 被重吸收進入包繞在腎小管外面的毛細(xì)血管中,剩下的形成尿液。 10 途徑: 1)皮膚:以汗液的形式排出水、無
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