【正文】 led with sorrow。我心傷悲, 莫知我哀。今我來思，雨雪霏霏。 limitationsTable of ContentsAcknowledgements………………………………………………………………..ⅰ摘要…………………………………………………………………………………..ⅱAbstract……………………………………………………………………………...ⅲPreface………………………………………………………………………..….……1Chapter 1 Introduction…………………………………………………………2 ………………………………………………...........................2 Origin of reduplication………………………………………………………..2 Variations of reduplication………….…………………………………………..4 Variations of part of speech…………………………..…………………….4 Variations of meaning. ………………………………………………..……5 Functions of reduplication………………………………………………………6 Aesthetic function……………………..……………………………..…6 The beauty in sound………………………………………………...……6 The beauty in form……………………………………………………….7 The beauty in sense………………………………………………………8 Emotional function…………………………………………………...….10Chapter 2 Patterns of Chinese reduplication…………………………………….12 Complete reduplication……………………………………………………….12 Single reduplication……………………………………………………...12 “AA” pattern……………………...……………………………..….…..12 “AAA” pattern………………..………………………………………13 Double reduplication……………………………………………………14 “AABB” pattern………………………………………………...…….14 “ABAB” pattern…………….…..………………………….…………15 Partial reduplication…………………………………………………16 Initial reduplication…………………………………………………...…..17 “AAB” pattern ………………………………………………………….17 “AABC” pattern…………………………………………………..……17 Reduplication of the termination …………………………………………18 “ABB” pattern………………………………………………….……….18 “ABCC” pattern……………………………………………….………..20 Reduplication at intervals…………………………………………………20 “ABA” pattern…………………………………………………..………21 “ABAC” pattern…………………………………………….…………..21 “ABCB” pattern………………………………………………………...22Chapter 3 Necessity and possibility in researching Chinese reduplicated words’ translation……………………………………………………………………..24 Necessity………………………….……….……………………………24 Possibility……………..…………………………….......................25 Summary………………………………..………………………………...29 Chapter 4 Methods of translating Chinese reduplicated words……………….31 Approximation…………………………………………………………32 English reduplication……………………..…………………………32 Transliteration…………..……………………..………………………34 Phonetic rhetoric…………………………………………………….34 Onomatopoeia………..……………………………………..………35 Alliteration……………..………………………………………….37 Other rhyming patterns………………………………………….38 Repetition…………….………………………………………………39 Parallelism…………………….……………………………………41 Transformation…………………………………………………..…………41 Fixed structures……………………………..……………………….42 forms…………………………………………………………42 “Verb +a+ noun” structure………………………………………..……..44 “Nice (good, fine) + and + adjective” structure……………...44 Adoptions of specific modifiers……………………………………..45 Imagery translation…………………………………………………..47 Combination of methods and other methods……………………49 Summary……………………………………..…………………………51 Chapter 5 Limitations in the translation of Chinese reduplicated words….….53 Loss in aesthetic effect……………………………………………….………53 Uncertainty…………………………………………………………………….55 Untranslatability……………………………………………………………...57Conclusion……………………....……………………………….……................60Bibliography………………………………………………………….......................62PREFACE This dissertation focuses on the discussion of the translation of Chinese reduplicated words. As a special but mon lexical phenomenon, reduplication, as well as its translating methods, deserves a detailed and systematic discussion.Before the research of translating methods, this dissertation makes an introduction to reduplication of many aspects with relevant convincing examples provided. Then in the light of functional equivalence, this dissertation makes an analysis on the necessity and possibility of Chinese reduplicated words’ translation. And with the theoretical support, the translating methods are fully illustrated from two aspects: approximation and transformation.In the next chapter, the discussion goes to the limitations of Chinese reduplicated words’ translation. It is certain that there are great cultural disparities between English and Chinese, being an obstacle for the translation. Nevertheless, it is still believed that the mon translating methods available for most reduplicated words can be concluded, thus attaining the “closest natural equivalence” as Eugene. A. Nida puts it.In addition, the author hopes that this dissertation can contribute a bit to the research on language, culture and translation.CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION DefinitionReduplication, as a special lexical phenomenon and a monly used rhetorical device of languages, refers to “the repetition of a syllable, a morpheme, or a word” (Richards, 1998:389). The similar explanation can also be seen in the Linguistic Dictionary of English, “reduplication is a pattern where the double or multiple occurrence of a sound string, syllable, morpheme, or word within a larger syntagmatic unit”. The creation of new words through reduplication mainly depends on affixing a copy of all or part of the base word. According to Chen Hongwei, Chinese reduplication is the reduplicated use of two words with the same sound, form and meaning so as to increase the vividness of language (Chen Hongwei, 1997:107). Compared with English, Chinese reduplication has an extensive and frequent application in both oral and written forms. Just as Professor Wang Li puts it, “An extensive use of Chinese reduplicated words to denote various meanings is a distinctive feature of Chinese”(Wang Li, 1984:36). Origin of reduplication From the perspective of history, human beings have gone through a history of recognizing nature and changing nature, thus promoting the progress of society. The emergence of newborn things and phenomenon results in new experience and new viewpoints, which requires new phonetic forms to achieve better expressions. Such a great n