【正文】 過度或轉(zhuǎn)向不足的情形下效果更加明顯。電子穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)（ESP）這一組系統(tǒng)通常是支援ABS及ASR（驅(qū)動(dòng)防滑系統(tǒng)，又稱牽引力控制系統(tǒng)）的功能。電子轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的角傳遞和力傳遞都是通過傳感器和控制器進(jìn)行的，相互之間可以獨(dú)立進(jìn)行互不影響。ABS系統(tǒng)通過電腦自動(dòng)控制制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的油壓，駕駛員只需踩住制動(dòng)踏板不動(dòng)，系統(tǒng)就能自動(dòng)地快速地調(diào)節(jié)制動(dòng)力，在獲得最大制動(dòng)效能的同時(shí)，防止車輪抱死。它通過傳感器和開關(guān)監(jiān)測(cè)汽車和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，接受駕駛員的指令，并將所獲得的信息轉(zhuǎn)換成電信號(hào)輸入到電控單元。這樣，工作液壓油進(jìn)入相應(yīng)的執(zhí)行元件，使離合器結(jié)合或分離，制動(dòng)器制動(dòng)或松開，控制行星齒輪變速器的升擋或降擋，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)變速。傳統(tǒng)的液力自動(dòng)變速器根據(jù)汽車的行駛速度和節(jié)氣門開度的變化，自動(dòng)變速擋位。但凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)中因凸輪輪廓與推桿之間為點(diǎn)接觸或線接觸，故易于磨損，所以所用于受力不大的場(chǎng)合。除以上控制裝置外，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)利用的電子技術(shù)還有：節(jié)氣門正時(shí)、二次空氣噴射、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)增壓、油氣蒸發(fā)、燃燒室的容積、壓縮比等，并已在部分車型上得到了應(yīng)用。當(dāng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)怠速運(yùn)行時(shí)，節(jié)氣門處于全關(guān)位置，即進(jìn)入發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的空氣量不再由節(jié)氣門進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)怠速控制系統(tǒng)的組成，由各種傳感器、信號(hào)控制開關(guān)、電控單元ECU、怠速控制閥和節(jié)氣門旁通空氣道等組成。EGR閥通常在下列條件下開啟：。 它通過吸收燃燒產(chǎn)生的部分熱量來(lái)降低燃燒溫度和壓力，以減少氧化氮的生成量。怠速時(shí)EGR閥關(guān)閉，幾乎沒有廢氣再循環(huán)至發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。廢氣再循環(huán)(EGR)系統(tǒng)用于降低廢氣中的氧化氮(NOX)的排出量。ECU內(nèi)有集成電路以及其它精密的電子元件，它匯集了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上各個(gè)傳感器采集的信號(hào)和點(diǎn)火分電器的信號(hào)，在千分之幾十秒內(nèi)分析和計(jì)算出下一個(gè)循環(huán)所需供給的油量，并及時(shí)向噴射器發(fā)出噴油的指令，使燃油和空氣形成理想的混合氣進(jìn)入氣缸燃燒產(chǎn)生動(dòng)力。 噴油油路由電動(dòng)油泵，燃油濾清器，油壓調(diào)節(jié)器，噴射器等組成，ECU發(fā)出的指令信號(hào)可將噴射器頭部的針閥打開，將燃油噴出。 電子控制汽油噴射裝置由噴油油路，傳感器組和電子控制單元(ECU)三大部分組成。該系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用已列入“八五”攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目。0．3秒，節(jié)油率達(dá)3～5％。 汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)電控點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)是利用微型計(jì)算機(jī)通過傳感器采集發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作時(shí)的實(shí)際工況，再由微機(jī)計(jì)算出最佳點(diǎn)火時(shí)間，達(dá)到降低排放、節(jié)約能源、提高動(dòng)力性能的要求。智能汽車裝備有多種傳感器，能夠充分感知駕車者和乘客的狀況，交通設(shè)施和周邊環(huán)境的信息，判斷乘員是否處于最佳狀態(tài)，車輛和人是否會(huì)發(fā)生危險(xiǎn)，并及時(shí)采取對(duì)應(yīng)措施。42伏汽車電氣系統(tǒng)新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的實(shí)施，將會(huì)使汽車電器零部件的設(shè)計(jì)和結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生重大的變革，機(jī)械式的繼電器、熔絲式保護(hù)電路將被淘汰。現(xiàn)有的12伏動(dòng)力電源，已滿足不了汽車上所有電氣系統(tǒng)的需要。2．汽車12伏供電系統(tǒng)向42伏轉(zhuǎn)化。：1．汽車的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)還將發(fā)生重大的變化，汽車的各種操縱系統(tǒng)向電子化和電動(dòng)化發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)“線操控”。由于使用了網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的設(shè)計(jì)，簡(jiǎn)化了布線，減少了電氣節(jié)點(diǎn)的數(shù)量和導(dǎo)線的用量，使裝配工作更為簡(jiǎn)化，同時(shí)也增加了信息傳送的可靠性。通訊線將各種汽車電子裝置連接成為一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，通過數(shù)據(jù)總線發(fā)送和接收信息?？刂破魍ㄟ^復(fù)雜的控制運(yùn)算，對(duì)各子系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)，將車輛行駛性能控制到最佳水平，形成一體化底盤控制系統(tǒng)(UCC)。人們可以通過語(yǔ)言識(shí)別系統(tǒng)操縱著車內(nèi)的各種設(shè)施，一邊駕駛著汽車，一邊欣賞著音樂電視，還可上網(wǎng)預(yù)定飯桌、機(jī)票等。利用 windows 操作系統(tǒng)開發(fā)的車載計(jì)算機(jī)多媒體系統(tǒng)，具有信息處理、通訊、導(dǎo)航、防盜、語(yǔ)言識(shí)別、圖像顯示和娛樂等功能。關(guān)鍵詞：汽車電子技術(shù)　微機(jī)　電子控制ABSTRACTAuto electronic technology is a product of bination of vehicle technology and electronic technology. With the development of automobile industry and electronics industry, the automobile, increasingly broad application of electronic technology, automotive degree of getting higher and higher. Especially in recent years, with the application of information technology, puter technology and electronic technology, has achieved rapid development of auto electronic control technology, in particular the control precision, control, intelligence, and networking aspects has been a breakthrough. Auto electronic control technology have bee important symbols of measure the level of development of modern vehicle.In the 1990 of the 20th century, has entered its third stage of the development of auto electronic technology, this is the automotive industry can contribute to the development of the most valuable and most stage, Ultraminimagnets, highefficient motors and miniaturization of integrated circuits, as a basis for centralized control of the car. Current automotive electronics has developed to the fourth generation, which includes electronic technology (including puter technologies), optimization control technology, sensor technology, network technology, electromechanical coupled cross technology, integrated technologies from the research stage to the mature stage of production. Computer is at the core of the entire system, responsible for manding other devices work. Currently on the vehicle used by singlechip microputer and high antijamming of microputer and earthquake resistance of special puteroriented automobile, puter for calculation of the speed and accuracy is not as high, but antijamming ability strong, able to adapt to bad working environment of automobile vibration. Controlled by a single machine (that is, a puter control a project, such as control ignition) to the development of centralized control and car central control it from multiple puters to the network management of the transition.Car electronic control system by sensor, and electronic controller (ECU), and implementation device and control program software, part position, and car of machinery system tie using (usually and power system, and chassis system and body system in the of subsystem tie), and using cable or radio waves mutual transmission information, is socalled of electromechanical integration, as electronic fuel Jet system, and brake antihold died control system, and antisliding control system, and electronic control suspended frame system, and electronic control automatically transmission, and electronic power steering, and electronic control four wheel driven technology, and electronic stability program,. Vehicle electronic control systems in General can be divided into four parts: electronic control system of engine electronic control system, chassis, body electronic control systems, information and