【正文】 om is used as the object of the verb or of a preposition. Eg: The security guard who we met was nice →whomd. 當被修飾的名詞是修飾句的賓語時， 引導詞that 或 whom 可以被省略比如：The movie(that) we watched last night was touchinge. where只能被用來修飾具體存在的地點名詞，如area, site, country. 不能修飾抽象名詞， 如condition, situation, case, circumstances. 用in which 來修飾這些名詞。A．Unlike noun modifiers, the verb modifiers do not have to touch the subjectB. Avoid long sequences of modifiers that modify the same noun. Putting two long modifiers in a row before or after a noun can lead to awkward or incorrect phrasings. 典型例子Eg: wrong: George Carlin, both shocking and entertaining audiences across the nation, who also struggled publicly with drug abuse, influenced and inspired a generation of edians. 錯誤之一就是noun modifier“who”沒有緊鄰主語。c. corresponding, frequent, independent, rare, recent, seeming, separate, significant, supposed, usual, 這些是在GMAT里出現(xiàn)過的、后面加“l(fā)y”變成副詞的形容詞 2. Position of Noun Modifiers 當我們看到名詞性修飾詞組時，先問問自己它修飾的名詞是誰。 這兩種組合表達的意思不一樣。 a. 形容詞只修飾名詞和代詞，副詞可以修飾除名詞和代詞以外的任何句子成分。更嚴謹?shù)谋磉_是用these executives 替代they主語是一個句子里最重要的名詞，因此就像這個句子展示的，主語一般會成為最好的先行詞。GMAT允許這種情況的指代存在。英語本身允許這種“模糊“的存在，因此，GMAT也會允許潛在意義上的代詞模糊。 many consider these unique.Right: Her products are unusual。b. This, these, that, those可以作為形容詞放在名詞前面進行指代例如：New” nanopapers” incorporate fibers that give these materials strength.c. 以下單詞可以獨立使用來替代名詞：it, they, them（指代同名同物）。3. Antecedent and pronoun must agree in number, 兩者在數(shù)量上一致4. 最容易出錯的五個第三人稱代詞：it, its, they, their, them 這五個代詞指代同名同物！5. a. 在GMAT中，this，these, that, those 不能單獨指代名詞。Note: GMAT通常會利用我們“想當然”的思維方式來設置陷阱，比如此題中，我們當然理解作者的意思（即原句中的i指的是superputer,），但是這在語法結構卻是錯誤的。 例如, Although the term” superputer” may sound exaggerated, it is simply an fast mainframe that can execute trillions of calculations every second. 找到先行詞，the term” superputer”, 但把它放到這句話的第二部分中后發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有意義。（警惕名詞作形容詞的陷阱） 例如：The park rangers discussed measures to prevent severe wildfire, which could be dangerous to it. It原本應該指代park， 但是park放在ranger前面作為一個定語成分，不是名詞。Problem Set 1. Researchers have found a correlation between exercise and good grades.2. Although we were sitting in the bleachers, the baseball game was as exciting to us as to the people ```````3. Many teachers choose to seek employment in the suburbs rather than face low salaries in the city4. A good night’s sleep not only gives your body a chance to rest, but also energizes you.5. The joint business venture will increase employee satisfaction and improve relations between A and B.6. The museum displays the work of a wide variety of artists, from those who are worldrenowned to those who are virtually unknown. 7. The experiences we have (錯：when children) in children influence our behavior in adulthood. 11. The band chosen for the annual spring concert appealed to both the student body and the administration. →both A and B12. Tobacco panies, shaken by a string of legal setbacks in the United States, but which retain strong growth prospects in the developing world, face an uncertain future. 正確修改：which have been shaken by a string13. Voters want to elect a president who genuinely cares about health care, the environment, and the travails of ordinary men and women, and who has the experience, wisdom, 14. The consultant is looking for a caf233。例如，Joy dedicates himself in new job, going to work early, lunching regularly, and leaving office lately. Going, lunching, 和 leaving 是對dedicates的一個解釋說明,其邏輯主語為Joy。9. Electronic devices can distract driver. 10. Many directors suspect that managers are attempting to conceal the extent of losses at the pany. (累贅表達為have the suspicion, are suspicious about) 11. They are ready for whatever may happen. ( in readiness) 12. The senator read her speech hastily.（贅述為in haste, with haste.）13. A tasty cake will not last long in a room full of hungry children. (贅述為A cake that is tasty will not last for a long time in a room full of children who are hungry)技巧：主謂一致和代詞最容易辨別，所以有些情況下能幫助迅速判斷選項二、Subject and Verb Agreement1. 只有and可以使單數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)，其他的additive phrases (如 along with, together with, in addition to, as well as, acpanied by) 無此功能。正確修改為：The people who had been waiting were taken for a ride by the driver. 3. (choose word)Rising costs to raw materials may impel us to rise prices farther 替換：costs of raw materials may impale us to raise prices further. 解析：將”to” 換為”of”正確, 表示raw material花費的錢；raise替換rise正確，raise后面直接跟賓語，而rise通常用在沒有直接賓語的語境中，如interest rose in May. 將farther替換為further正確，farther指距離，further指某事的程度。Tip: 當劃線句中有情態(tài)動詞時，必須格外注意，如果選項中沒有對應意思的情態(tài)動詞，那么一般為錯選。尤其是當一個時間表達未被劃線，或者兩個表達相同時間的詞語看起來不同練習：1. (choose word) No matter how much w