【正文】 la?(那是你的傘嗎？) / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我經(jīng)常在星期天去看望阿姨) / They are their books.(是他們的書)名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于名詞,既代替事物又表明所屬關(guān)系,在句子中往往獨(dú)立地作主語、賓語或者表語,后面千萬不可以跟名詞。如：What’s the weather like today?(今天天氣怎樣？)—It’s fine.(天氣晴好) / What’s the time?(幾點(diǎn)啦？) –It’s 12：00.(12點(diǎn)) / It’s a long way to go.(那可要走好長(zhǎng)的路) / It took him three days to clean his house.(打掃屋子花了他三天的時(shí)間) / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很顯然,公眾想知道這些人什么時(shí)候能進(jìn)入太空) / We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我們發(fā)覺要學(xué)好一門外語是非常困難的)物主代詞：說明事物所屬關(guān)系的代詞,分為形容詞性和名詞性兩種。) 三個(gè)不同人稱同時(shí)出現(xiàn),或者主語中包含“我”時(shí),按照“you→he→I”的順序表達(dá)。如：Who teaches you English this year?(今年誰教你們的英語？) / Help me!(救救我！) / We often write letters to her.(我們常給他寫信)人稱代詞作表語或者放在比較狀語從句連詞than或as之后時(shí),可以用主格形式,也可以用賓格形式,口語中大多用賓格。主格用來作句子的主語、表語。如：There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. (池子里有很多種類的魚)/ I prefer fish to meat.(與肉相比我更喜歡魚)三、代詞：代詞的分類：英語中代詞分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞等等。如：He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/ He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行觀光去了) / He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好幾次) / Did you go to Santiago(圣地亞哥) during your travels?(旅行期間你去圣地亞哥了嗎？) / Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里邊穿行是很危險(xiǎn)的)sound、noise、voice的區(qū)別：sound指各種聲音；noise主要指“噪音”；voice指人的“嗓音”。如：People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜愛運(yùn)動(dòng)) / The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.(2008奧運(yùn)會(huì)將在北京舉行)(被動(dòng)句) / Our school football team won the league match(聯(lián)賽).(我們學(xué)校足球隊(duì)取得了聯(lián)賽冠軍) / They were strong and won the boat race.(湯他們很棒,贏得了劃艇比賽)festival、holiday、vacation的區(qū)別：festival“節(jié)日”,指喜慶的日子或持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的文娛活動(dòng)；holiday(假日、休息日),指法定假日或風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣,復(fù)數(shù)可以表示一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的假期；vacation“假期”,指學(xué)習(xí)或工作中一段長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的休息。/你和他有一個(gè)人是對(duì)的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里)1表示一段時(shí)間或長(zhǎng)度概念的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí),謂語一般用單數(shù)。如：A woman with a 7yearold child was standing at the side of the road. (一名婦女帶著一個(gè)七歲的孩子(當(dāng)時(shí))就站在路邊)1either?or?或者 neither?nor?連接兩個(gè)人物做句子主語時(shí),謂語采用就近原則。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房間里有一張桌子和四張椅子)用both?and?連接兩個(gè)事物做主語時(shí),謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如：A lot of students are playing baseball now.(現(xiàn)在有許多學(xué)生在打壘球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的時(shí)間花在了那個(gè)工作上)(被動(dòng)句)and 連接兩個(gè)名詞做主語時(shí),謂語原則上用復(fù)數(shù),但是兩個(gè)名詞若構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體事物時(shí),謂語則用單數(shù)。如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只綿羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些綿專注教育，服務(wù)教師羊)maths, news等雖然有s結(jié)尾,但不是復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語仍用單數(shù)：The news is very exciting. (這個(gè)消息令人興奮)glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Teachers’ Day(教師節(jié))(3)有些表示時(shí)間、距離以及世界、國家、城鎮(zhèn)等無生命的名詞,也可在詞尾加’s. 如： today’s newspaper(今天的報(bào)紙), ten minutes’ break(十分鐘的課間休息),China’s population(中國的人口).(4)無論表示有生命還是無生命的東西的名詞,一般均可用介詞of短語來表示所有關(guān)系。如：Childern’s Day(兒童節(jié)), my sister’s book(我姐姐的書)(2)以s或es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如：a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.名詞所有格： 名詞所有格表示所屬關(guān)系,相當(dāng)于物主代詞,在句中作定語、賓語或主語。如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties. ④以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變f或fe為v,再加es。如：map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.②s,o,x ,sh,：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.[注]：少數(shù)以o結(jié)尾的詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)只加s。如：water, news, oil, population, information .英語可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)：英語可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。如：pupil, family, man, foot.普通名詞又分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。如：the Great Wall(長(zhǎng)城) 姓氏名如果采用復(fù)數(shù)形式,則表示該姓氏一家人(復(fù)數(shù)含義),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。專有名詞中實(shí)詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫。(6)介詞→副詞,如：in(到??里)→(在里面；在家),on(在?上)→(進(jìn)行,繼續(xù)),等等。(4)形容詞→副詞,如：early→early, fast→fast等等。(2)動(dòng)詞→名詞,如：look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。 Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩國名+(i)an 如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious(3)派生副詞：①形容詞+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等。合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a rade from the People’s Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽人民日?qǐng)?bào)的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢(shì)的重要報(bào)告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。5. I │saw │them │getting on the bus.