【正文】 e came down to breakfast , Mary was beaming with the pleasure of a new，great discovery．The visiting professor is a famous scientist whose son studies in my department．在下列情況，限定性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞可以省略：1)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)；或它們?cè)趶木渲凶鹘樵~的賓語(yǔ)，而該介詞又在句末時(shí)；2)當(dāng)先行詞是that，all，only，everything，something，nothing等代詞時(shí)，或先行詞前有一個(gè)最高級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí)；3) 當(dāng)先行詞前有only，any，all，first，no，last等修飾時(shí)，或先行詞就是time，moment，way(anyway)，direction，distance等名詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞即可省略。where是關(guān)系副詞，用于表示地點(diǎn)的定語(yǔ)從句，而when用來(lái)表示時(shí)間。例如：I care anything that has something to do with it． You39。which作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能省。1．定語(yǔ)從句 限定性定語(yǔ)從句中that可代表人和事，而which只代表事；二者在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)從句分為時(shí)間、結(jié)果、讓步、原因、條件及行為方式狀語(yǔ)從句。t decline despite the worst flood in sixty years．I finisbed the work more successfully than he had expected．應(yīng)注意以下表達(dá)式的含義：the same…as(和……一樣)，no less than(不少于)，not less than(只有)，had better(最好)，less than(不到)，more or less(或多或少)，other than(除了)，rather than(而不是)，the more…the more/less(越……就越……)例如：I am sure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed．You had better finisll your homework today for the teacher will collect it tomorrow．We have received ten dozen of personal puters which are less than the amount we ordered．The visltors to the exhibition were not less than three hundred，which disappointed them very much． 第三節(jié) 從句 從句分為定語(yǔ)從句，狀語(yǔ)從句和名詞從句三大類(lèi)。s．形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)的形式分別為：“the+形容詞最高級(jí)十名詞+范圍表達(dá)”和“副詞最高級(jí)+名詞+范圍表達(dá)”，副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)不需要加the。比較級(jí)前可以跟even，much，still等副詞修飾比較級(jí)，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如：Running for fifteen minutes will burn as many calories as walking for thirty minutes．Henan province is several times as large as Shanghai．Jimmy has as nervous a ways peaking as his father．Getting rid of a bad habit isn39。以ly結(jié)尾的副詞，在其前面加more，most, 例如：Tonny runs most quickly than any other students in the class．Which do you like best，Thorn Birds，Gone With the Wind Or Great Expectation?I prefer less sugar in the milk．She gets more ine every month than her husband． 形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)比較由as+形容詞或副詞(或后跟名詞或短語(yǔ))+as構(gòu)成，“as…as’’前可加not，just，almost，nearly，quite，twice，several times等詞修飾。如果以e結(jié)尾，僅加r和st；如末尾僅有一個(gè)輔音字母，須雙寫(xiě)詞尾冉加er和est；如果以y結(jié)尾的，把y變i，加er，est；多音節(jié)單詞和雙音節(jié)詞(其中包括由分詞和分詞演變而來(lái)的形容詞，如：known，worn，wounded，shocking，striking，interesting，ect, 則在其前加more和most；有些形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是不規(guī)則的，如：good(well)betterbest，bad(ill)worseworst，many(much)moremost，littlelessleast，farfarther(further)farthest(furthest)。例如：There was something nice about my feeling that she knew a11．For this reason，as well as the additional cost involved，flow force pensation is generally not desirable． I came across another question hard to answer then．I wondered if there was a room available．副詞的位置為：修飾哪個(gè)詞就放在哪個(gè)詞前面；放在系動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞和分詞之前。2) 一些表語(yǔ)性形容詞要后置，如：present，available，involved，concerned，etc, 。例如：What a lovely girl Jenny is．She is always ready to help others．China Daily is of course a daily newspaper but not a weekly one．He is a very friendly young man．As he didn39。例如：We did enjoy your staying in Beijing，and Mrs. Yan is really considerate．Professor Li has many worldfamous inventions，and he is respectable to us．As any one knows that we use our front teeth for biting and our hind teeth for chewing．It’s a considerable success for him．2)elemental(初步的)fundamental(基本的)，eligible(合格的)capable(能干的)，flexible(靈活的)changeable(可改變的)，initial(最初的)preliminary(初步的，預(yù)備的)，slack(松弛的)lazy(懶惰的)，valueless(無(wú)價(jià)值的)priceless(無(wú)價(jià)的)，vivid(生動(dòng)的)一living(活的)，etc．。 1．形容詞與副詞的用法形容詞中有詞形相近的，也有詞義相近的，應(yīng)注意區(qū)別。t know what to do at that very moment．The government sell public houses to whoever provides enough amount Of money．Whomever I worry about is none of your business．Take whichever you like，please．第二節(jié)形容詞與副詞 形容詞和副詞在語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上都有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，它們的構(gòu)成方法基本上一樣，都與音節(jié)多少有關(guān)，有些形容詞和副詞有特殊的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式。Whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever為復(fù)合代詞。在帶有a11，something，nothing，anything，much等的句子中不能用which，而用that。Who will see to this matter?Whom have you chosen to be responsible for the work?It is hard to decide whose is better.What’s on your schedule? Which university did he enter at last?
7)關(guān)系代詞有who，whom，whose，that，which。t trust on such a person who never keeps his promise．6)疑問(wèn)代詞有who，whom，whose，what which。例如：Nowadays TV programs are much more colorful than those Of the past．The money spent on entertainment，according to some authorities，has exceeded that spent on public health．I want to know this：are you talking about the accident I encountered yesterday?His future is closely bound with that of the pany。例如：I met Miss Scott this morning，and we greeted each other．We should learn from one another and make progress together，5)指示代詞在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，有：this，that，these，those。例如：These children are too young to take care of themselves．Don39。s on my treat．3)反身代詞亦稱(chēng)自身代詞，可作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，還與某些動(dòng)詞連用，與介詞連用構(gòu)成成語(yǔ)。例如：Tonny is an old friend of mine．My dormitory is next to yours，and Mary39。ve heard.2)物主代詞可在句中作定語(yǔ)，有指人的：my，our，your，his，her和their；有指物的:it，his或her(指國(guó)家或輪船)。例如：We haven39。I have some records of NaYing39。例如：Several students of Lao Yang’s acted in the play．We saw a play Guo Moro39。例如：We must work hard to fulfil the country’s plans．The school is within a stone’s throw．Nearby are her relatives’ houses．Could you tell me the Smiths’s addres?名詞所有格有時(shí)還可以和of構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)，有以下兩種情況：1)它所修飾的詞前面有一個(gè)表示數(shù)量的詞，如：a，two，several，some，any，no，few等。如：manservant—menservants, womansoldier—womensoldiers。如：gobetween(s)，drawback(s)等。如：looker(s)on，runner(s)up，son(s)inlaw，editor(s)inchief，passer(s)by，grandchild(ren)，armyman(armymen)，roomnumber(s)，shoe lace(s)，dinner plate(s)，blood type(s)等。s Central Television Station supplies weather report everyday，You39。例如：Please check your examination paper carefully after finishing。如：fundamentals(基本原則), goods(貨物), means(方法) ,shorts(短褲)， sweets(歡樂(lè)), valuables(貴重物品)等。這類(lèi)詞包括：munication(通訊)—munications(通訊系統(tǒng)，通訊工具)，cloth(布)clothes(衣服)，content(內(nèi)容)contents(目錄)，convenience(便利)conveniences(便利設(shè)備), humanity(人類(lèi))humanities(人文科學(xué))，necessity(需要)necessities(必需品)