【正文】 universal phenomenon in translation，nor is there any great necessity for doing that. Some excellent translations，however，demonstrate to us that the transformation of English nouns into Chinese adverbs sometimes makes a more natural and smooth translation. For example:The new Mayer earned some appreciation by the courtesy of ing to visit the city poor.新市長有禮貌地前來訪問城市貧民,獲得了他們的一些好感。 Some abstract nouns indicating qualities or characteristics of a person or a thing can also form a subjectpredicate relation. These abstract nouns are usually transformed into adjectives when translated into Chinese. For example:We are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy and firmly determined to pursue it.我們深信這一政策是正確的，并有堅(jiān)定的信心繼續(xù)奉行這一政策。 Some abstract nouns，which are derived from adjectives by adding suffixes and closely related to them in meaning，are more often than not transformed into adjectives，which on the whole makes the translation be in better keeping with the expression habits of the Chinese language and read more natural and fluent. For example:The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.她蒼白的臉色清楚地表明了她那時(shí)的情緒。 It is a great sorrow to me. 所以我時(shí)常覺得很難過。A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.從他的辦公室窗口可以一眼看到華盛頓紀(jì)念碑和林肯紀(jì)念館的全景。 Some English nouns, which possess the property of verbs, we often transform the nouns to verbs when translated into Chinese. For example。3 .1 . When we have no way to find in our translation a suitable noun conforming to the expression habits of the Chinese language for a mon English noun that has no implied meaning of a verb，we might as well transform this noun into a Chinese verb。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。For example。3 .1 .1 .2 The noun that forms a paratively steady collocation or a set phrase with its preceding verb making the fulfillment of an action implied in the noun. The noun，as a matter of fact，plays a key role in this structure，that is，the meaning of the structure is，to a great extent，determined by the noun. Thus we should transform directly the noun into a verb，paying little attention to the preceding verb. For example:They took a final look at Iron Mike, still intact in the darkness.他們最后看了鐵麥克一眼———它依然安然無恙地聳立在黑暗中.Don’t make the mistake of using the title “Mr” with the first name.不要把“Mr”這個(gè)稱呼和名字錯(cuò)用在一起。 while in English nouns are more frequently used and occupy a dominant position，then we have to，more often than not， transform some English nouns into Chinese verbs in our Practical translation from English into Chinese. . An English noun, derived from a verb, is often transformed into a verb when translated into Chinese. This phenomenon is frequently appeared in political works or newspaper. For example:There were also those, including some within the State Department, who agreed with everything about the white paper except its publication.還有一些人,其中包括國務(wù)院內(nèi)部的一些人,也都同意白皮書上所說的每一句話,只是不同意公開出版而已。 various adjectives and adverbs to refer to the quality or characteristics of a thing or an action。The reasons are as follows: first，the relations between the linguistic units of message are most clearly marked at the keel or nearkernel level。③ in deep structure lie all the semantic and syntactic explanations。 besides notional words， they both have such forewords as prepositions and connective words. The differences in part of speech of the two languages exist likewise. For example，articles，relative pronouns，relative adverbs，participles，gerunds and infinitives are unique to English，all of which don’t exist in Chinese. Even words of the same part of speech function quite differently in the two languages. In English，nouns are more frequently used than that of Chinese，what’s more，nouns of English have richer connotations. Therefore，many concepts representing actions are expressed with nouns. In this case，when translated into Chinese，they are often transformed into verbs and the adjectives which modify English nouns are accordingly transformed into adverbs. Corresponding in Meaning but Different in Part of SpeechNida holds that every language is capable of expressing the entire universe of experience with its own symbols，but in various ways. It is undoubtedly true that as long as we make a parative study of the English language and the Chinese language，it is not difficult to find that words of the same meaning in both English and Chinese are not always the same part of speech. In other words，ideas expressed in one part of speech in English may or must be expressed in some other part of speech in Chinese due to great differences between English and Chinese.2 .3 Differences in WordformationEnglish and Chinese both have their own unique wordformation，which to some extent accounts for transformation between parts of speech in EnglishChinese translation. Wordformation in English，in its restricted sense，refers to the process of word variations signaling lexical relationships. It can be further subclassified into the positional type(pound)and the derivational type(derivation).For the sake of our discussion，we confine our attention to the derivational type only. Different from pound，derivation in English shows the relationship between stems and affixes. Stem is the core of derivational words，we could get many corresponding words by adding affixes. Although these words have different parts of speech, the core meaning is the same.2 .4 Differences in the Distance between Deep Structure and Surface Structure in Chinese and English.Besides the reasons mentioned above，there seems to be another important reason for the transformation of parts of speech of various kinds, differences in the distance between deep structure and surface structure in both English and Chinese.Noam Chomsky，a remarkable American linguist，holds that ①any language has both deep structure and surface structure。 both have different verbs to refer to actions and states of various kinds。