【正文】 ation Generally speaking, these jobs are adored by people, such as teachers, doctors, engineers, managers, reporters, etc. For instance, Ms. Deng is a teacher。 she may be addressed by “Deng Laoshi”. Nowadays, the above jobs belong to whitecollar work. However, other jobs requiring physical effort, . bluecollar work, such as drivers, cooks, barbers and lathe men, are not used for occupation appellation. Title appellationThis kind of appellation has something to do with the titles. It is divided into four parts as the following.Official title: chairman, president, premier, mayor, minister, headmaster, dean, etc. such as Chairman Hu.Post and rank: professor, viceprofessor, researcher, viceresearcher, advanced engineer, etc.They are usually used to address intellectuals, and the word “vice” is often omitted. For example, Mr. Zhang is a viceprofessor, but he is called “Professor Zhang”.Academic rank: doctorAmong all the academic ranks, only “doctor” is used for addressing. For example, Doctor Li. Neither “master” nor “bachelor” is used for addressing.Military rank: marshal, general, mander, captain, sergeant, etc. For example, “馬將軍”. Affectionate appellationThey are used for addressing someone the addresser is quite familiar with, showing his closeness. In Chinese, there are various kinds of affectionate appellations. And they are discussed in the following forms.Addressing one’s given name directly: Peilan (培蘭), Zhigang (志剛), Yajing (雅靜), etc.Addressing one’s full name directly: Li Peilan (李培蘭), Wang Zhigang (王志剛), Liu Yajing (劉雅靜), etc.Xiao + surname: Xiao Li (小李), Xiao Wang (小王), Xiao Zhang (小張), etc.This appellation is used most frequently.Surname / name + er: Wang er (王兒), Zhong er (鐘兒), Yan er (燕兒), etc. This kind of appellation is only used in spoken language in North China.Surname + zi: Li zi (李子), Yang zi (楊子), Tao zi (桃子), Mei zi (梅子), etc.This appellation often brings people fruit in mind.Da + surname: Da Li (大李), Da Song (大宋), Da Wang (大王), etc.They are usually addressed to someone who is relatively old or looks big in their physical shape.Nickname: Pang zi (胖子), Di gua (地瓜), Da ger (大個兒), Lao Gudong (老古董), etc.Nickname addressing is a kind of temporary appellation. For example, “Di Gua” may be used on campus, but it will no longer be used as soon as he leaves the campus. And this form of address is used between close friends.3. Classification of English appellationWith the influence of Christianity and western philosophy, westerners are strongly in favor of individualism. They prefer to live separately and seldom emphasize genetic relationship. “Closely related to individualism is the American value of equality, which is emphasized in everything from government (‘All men are created equal’) to social relationship (‘Just call me by my first name’). The value of equality is fully embodied in their social appellation’’ (Tang Degen，2000：153).As a result, English social appellation system is less plicated than Chinese social appellation system. In general, English social appellation system is divided into the following parts. Communication appellationThe words in mon use are “Sir, Madam, Mr., Miss and Ms.” According to their usages, they will be discussed as follows.Used separately: Sir, Madam and MissThey are specially used for addressing strangers. For example, “Dear Sir / Madam” is often used at the beginning of a letter.Mr. (Mrs., Miss, Ms.) + surname: Mr. Smith, Mrs. William, Miss Green, etc. They are used most frequently in English social intercourse. Generally speaking, “Mr.” is used for male, “Mrs.” is used for married female and “Miss” is used for unmarried or divorced female. There is no age limit for “Miss”, even an 80yearold unmarried female can be addressed “Miss + surname”. However, it is mainly used for the unmarried girls.Mr. + military rank / official rank: Mr. President, Mr. Mayor, Mr. Manager, etc. However, they are not used with post and academic rank. For instance, people do not address others “Mr. Professor” or “Mr. Doctor”. Relationship appellation In English, there are a few words, such as “Doctor, Father, Boss”, which are used to indicate the relationship between the addresser and the addressee. For instance, Christians address the priest “Father” and the employees call the employer “boss”. Actually, “boss” is mostly used if the two speakers have close relationship. Respectful appellation The mon words are “Sir, Lady, and Lord”, etc. “Sir” is used to show respect for the older or people who are in high social positions. “Lady” is used for women with respect. There is a saying “Lady first”. Here, people use “l(fā)ady” instead of “woman” because “l(fā)ady” implies more respect. Generally speaking, “l(fā)ord” is used for addressing nobles with the form “Lord + surname”, such as “Lord Smith”, “Lord Carrington”, etc. On the other hand, “My Lord” and “Your Lordship” are often used at the presence of the addressee. Title appellationUsed separately: Doctor, Father, Professor, Boss, etc. They are used to address someone in his presence. However, they are not used in official situations.Mr. + official rank: Mr. President, Mr. Senator, Mr. Ambassador, etc. It is a very mon usage, which is used to show respect to someone with a higher social status.Mr. + military rank: Mr. Mayor, Mr. Colonel, Mr. Captain, etc.Post and rank + surname: Professor Smith, Prof. Thompson, etc.Academic rank + surname: Dr. Stevenson, Dr. Green, etc. Affectionate appellation In English, there are three main forms.Addressing first name directly: Alexander, David, John, Mary, etc. This is very nati