【正文】 inutes, but then he went from the advantages of advanced processcontrol technology to the current state of China’s electronics industry to the changes the opendoor policy has brought about in China39。 free speech, and democracy. The core of the Chinese value in a way relates to the Confucianism. The ethnic principle of Confucianism is the wellknown Five Relationships: rulerminister, fatherson, husbandwife, elderyounger brother and friendfriend. This was explained as “There should be affection between father and son, righteous sense of duty between ruler and minister, division of function between man and wife, stratification between old and young, and good faith between friends.”Take Americans for instance, the top personal values were selfreliance, hard work, and a tie between achieving success in life, personal achievement, and helping others. On the contrary, hard work, respect for learning, honesty, and selfreliance were most valued among Chinese people. In addition, the top social values for Americans were freedom of expression, personal freedom, rights of the individual, open debate, thinking for oneself, and official accountability. The top six social values for Chinese people were maintenance of an orderly society, harmony, accountability of public officials, openness to new ideas, freedom of expression, and respect for authority. Individualism and collectivismWesterners believe in individualism which refers to the doctrine that the rights of the individual are the most important ones in a society. They hold an idea that each person has his own separate identity and personality, which should be recognized and reinforced. The core of individualism is the pursuit of personal and achievements. In Christianity traditions, individuals are important not only to each other, but also to the society and God. Individualism has been handed down from their ancestors. Therefore, to westerners, individualism is not selfishness but rather virtue. However, to Chinese people, individualism means egoism, with represents selfishness in quality and looseness in discipline. Chinese people appreciate collectivism. It emphasizes cooperation among group members and individual success is due to the collective effort. The sacrifice of individual interest for that of the collective is a noble quality eulogized so much by Chinese people.In individualistic cultures, typically found in Western Europe and North America, individual interests tend to prevail over group interests. In collectivist cultures like China, there is a strong concern for group interests. Collectivists are oriented towards harmony in welldefined ingroups. “Showing Yourself” and “Being Modest”In western countries, “showing yourself” is very normal for all westerners and has a strong influence upon their behaviors. Most of westerners take it for granted that to impress people, you have to show yourself. Different from the westerners, Chinese people have learned to be modest. At a result, many Chinese behave in a modest way in whatever they say or do. Most Chinese people like to belittle the actual significance of what they have done. Suppose a Chinese has achieved some remarkable progress. But when he is appreciated by others, he would say that what he had done was nothing and not worth mentioning. For Chinese, being modest is not only a usual practice, but a recognized virtue that governs one’s actions as well. For that reason, a Chinese would not show off no matter how much he has done for the organization or for society. Family Western families advocate equality. The husband and the wife usually have an equality voice in decisionmaking, and on certain matters, the children, too, have a vote. Family members are regarded as friend and they should treated equality in daily life. In the western, most old people do not live with their children or relatives. They do not gain honor, respect or attention as old people.On the contrary, most Chinese family members tend to live together and the young are supposed to show respect and obedience to old people. Generally, old people receive honor, privilege and satisfaction because people believe that an old person is a wise man full of experience. Just as Confucianism shows in Five Relations, the young should filial love, obedience and duty to the old in a family. For example, the Chinese who have moved abroad usually continue to send money back to their parents as a token of their filial piety. Moreover, many young people still try to live near their parents whenever possible even after they are marriage. Westerners stress individualism in families while Chinese stress coalition, which makes the Chinese family extremely cohesive. Generally speaking, the Chinese have a stronger sense of family honor than westerners. NationalismSince the ancient times, the nation form of China has been based solely on the Han nationality. The Han nationality developed their privities in the language expression and social contact during the mon life and work of their forefathers in the history. People can express some meanings with a subtle facial expression or a slight action only. When one says half of his words, even just a little, the others still can understand what he wants to say. Therefore, Chinese people sometimes do not say all their words when they want to express something. However, in western countries, take the American for instance: America is an immigrant country which has more than two hundred years of history. Nevertheless, America people still cannot reach privities. They must express clearly what they want, otherwise the others cannot understand well. General impact of culture on business negotiationCultural differences play a crucial role in international business negotiation. It can generate misunderstandings, sow the seeds of distrust, and generate negative emotions among negotiators. Different cultures will inevitably have different influence on