【正文】 ly down. So they couldn39。d love really chill mineral water or something. Would you have another coffee? W: Yes, I39。m so late, Sally. Have you been waiting long? W: Half an hour. But it doesn39。re. It39。re route system to consider and branches blocking the windows and so on. It may therefore be difficult to fit trees into the local landscape. There39。t happen when you have trees. Trees filter the wind and considerably reduce it preventing those very large strong gusts that you so often find around tall buildings. Another problem in builtup areas is the traffic noise is intensified by 12 tall buildings. By planting a belt of trees at the side of the road, you can make things a little quieter but much of the vehicle noise still goes through the trees. Trees can also help reduce the amount of noise in the surroundings, although the effect is not as large as people would like to think. Low frequency noise, in particular, just goes through the trees as that they aren39。s a dry inland city. On the local scale, that is a particular area within the city, trees can make the local area more shady, cooler, more humid and much less windy. In fact, trees and plantings of various of kinds can be used to make city streets actually less dangerous in particular areas. 11 How do trees do that, you39。ll focus on in my talk: how vegetation can have a significant effect on urban climate and how we can better plan our cities using trees to provide a more fortable environment for us to living. Trees can have a significant impact on our cities. They can make our cities, as a whole, a bit less windy or a bit more windy as that what you want. They can make it a bit cooler if it39。ve been asked today to talk to you about the urban landscape. There39。s the history for you. If you39。ve got a good view of the river over there. And it was because of this fast flowing water that this site was a natural place for manufacturing works. The water and the availability of raw materials in the area, like minerals and iron ore, and also the abundance of local fuels, like coal and firewood, all made this site suitable for industry from a very early time. Water was the main source of power for the early industries and some of the water wells were first established in the twelfth century, 5 would you believe? At that time, local craftsmen first built an iron fe just behind the village here on the bank near the river. By the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the region39。t keep you long. OK? Now from where we39。 1test1_section1 M: Good morning! W: Good morning! How can I help you? M: I understand that the school anizes … umm, trips to different… W: Yes. We run five every month, three during weekends and two Wednesday afternoon trips. M: What sort of places? W: Well. Obviously, it varies, but always places of historical interest and also which offers a variety of shopping, because our students always ask about that. And then we go for ones where we know there are guided tours because this gives a good focus for the visit. M: Do you travel far? W: Well, we are lucky here obviously because we are able to say that all our visits are less than three hours drive. M: How much do they cost? W: Again it varies, between 5 and 15 pounds a head, depending on distance. M: Ah ha W: Oh and we do offer to arrange special trips if, you know, there are more than 12 people. M: Oh right. I’ll keep that in mind. And what are the times normally? 2 W: We try to keep it pretty fixed so that the students get to know the pattern. We leave at . and return at 6 . We figure it’s best to keep the day fairly short. M: Oh yes and then how do we reserve a place? W: You sign your name on the notice board. Do you know where it is? M: Ah ha. I saw it this morning. W: And we do ask that you sign up three days in advance so we know we’ve got enough people interested to run it and we can cancel if necessary with full refund of course. M: That’s fine. Thanks. M: And what visit sub plan for this term? W: Right. Well. I’m afraid the schedule hasn’t been printed out yet. But we have confirmed the dates and planed the optional extra visits, which you can also book in advance if you want to. M: Oh that’s all right. And if you can just give some ideas of the weekend ones so I can, you know, work out then to see friends and such I… W: Oh sure. Well, err the first one is St. Ives. That’s on the 13th of February and we will have only 16 places available because we’re going by mini bus. And that’s the day in town with the optional extra of visiting the Hepworth Museum. 3 M: All right. Yes ah. That sounds good. W: And then there’s a London trip on the 16th of February.