【正文】 Latin terms which appeared in the 16th century when the humanist movement brought new impetus to learning throughout Europe.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是It was the desire…that brought about a wave…?！璦 brandnew problem that without the use of a tool would prove insoluble中without和insoluble為雙重否定可譯成肯定句。第二個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的表語從句中也有that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾a brandnew problem。兩個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的從句為并列的表語從句。但值得注意的是，這種能力就其自身而言，并不表明這種動(dòng)物有什么特別的智慧。on its own意為“獨(dú)立地，憑自己力量”，在此轉(zhuǎn)譯為“就其自身而言”。man根據(jù)上下文在此處指“人類”，而不是“男人”。the close association in most people’s minds of tools with man中注意in most people’s minds把the close association of tools with man（工具與人類的密切聯(lián)系）分隔開來。but連接兩個(gè)并列句，but前的并列分句為It is…that…強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)because of引導(dǎo)的狀語。譯文：因此，與一條不能被歸入更普遍的法則或理論而是基于經(jīng)驗(yàn)的規(guī)律相比，一條具有普遍理論依據(jù)支持的規(guī)律很可能被認(rèn)可為一條自然法則。grounds意為“根據(jù)，理由”。介詞for加關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾a regularity。如果能找到一個(gè)方法使失去作用的部分恢復(fù)作用，這些細(xì)胞就能發(fā)育成為完整的個(gè)體。為避免重復(fù)do so代替前文提到的make an entire individual。并列謂語can do so又有if條件句修飾。表語從句中又插入一個(gè)though引導(dǎo)的省略了主語all these cells的讓步狀語從句，補(bǔ)充完整為though these cells are now specialized。 that從句為表語從句。15. The presumption on which human cloning rests is that all these cells，though now specialized，still contain exact copies of the original set of genetic instructions needed to make an entire individual and can do so if a way is found to switch them back on.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是The presumption is that all these cells…contain genetic instructions…and can do so…。這幾位母親曾被這一論點(diǎn)搞得惶恐不安，現(xiàn)在發(fā)表了最響亮，最有說服力的意見。land jobs譯為“找到工作”。feel at home不能直譯為“感到在家”，而譯為“感到自在”。Once intimidated by arguments是過去分詞做狀語修飾these women，其施動(dòng)者arguments又有兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句修飾限定它。that從句做experience的同位語從句。繪畫時(shí)只要求在某一時(shí)刻，從空間的一點(diǎn)來欣賞，而雕塑和建筑的創(chuàng)造則要求從各個(gè)角度來欣賞，這樣就表現(xiàn)出了空間，時(shí)間的變化。 property在此處應(yīng)譯為“性質(zhì),特性”,不譯為“財(cái)產(chǎn),資產(chǎn)”。since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句修飾主句。所謂可持續(xù)發(fā)展是指:為了子孫后代的利益，我們必須保留足夠的生存環(huán)境空間，以滿足他們的需要，施展抱負(fù)。sustainable development譯為“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”。此賓語從句中又有so that結(jié)構(gòu)做此從句的目的狀語。其后緊跟著一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞sustainable development。譯文：我們?cè)?jīng)假定，分子之間存在著引力，這種引力隨著分子之間距離的不同而有顯著的變化，因而，在間距為千萬分之幾毫米的分子之間的引力是很小的，但是分子靠得很近時(shí)，這種引力會(huì)變得相當(dāng)大。在此狀語從句中，除主干結(jié)構(gòu)the attraction…was very small but became considerable…，又有that were more than a few tenmillionths of a millimeter apart做定語從句修飾先行詞molecules和when the molecules approached more closely做狀語從句，修飾…but became considerable。此賓語從句中套嵌一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞forces of attraction。11. We assumed that there were forces of attraction between molecules which varied rapidly with the distance so that the attraction between molecules that were more than a few ten millionths of a millimeter apart was very small but became considerable when the molecules approached more closely.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是We assumed that there were forces of attraction…。譯文:當(dāng)固體浸沒到液體中時(shí)，固體會(huì)失去它所排出的液體的那部分重量，這就是現(xiàn)在通常所謂的阿基米德原理。version不譯為“版本”，此處指“根據(jù)個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)的（對(duì)事件等的）說法，看法”。同時(shí)，of which the following is one又構(gòu)成先行詞versions的定語從句。when immersed in a liquid是省略了主語的過去分詞短語，句子補(bǔ)充完整為when the solid body is immersed in a liquid，修飾其主句a solid body loses a portion of its weight of the liquid…。what is now generally called the principle of Archimedes為名詞性從句做介詞of的賓語。如果做不到這一點(diǎn)，那么上述這些新的觀察能力只不過提供了一大堆細(xì)節(jié)而已。simply譯為“只不過，僅僅”，不應(yīng)譯為“簡(jiǎn)單地”。此從句中又套嵌一個(gè)定語從句，修飾其先行詞the stage。后面緊跟省略了if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句were it not for the fact that…，即if it were not for the fact that…。從這個(gè)意義上來說，大自然是可以認(rèn)識(shí)的。endure此處應(yīng)譯為“持久，持續(xù)”,不要譯為“忍受，容忍”。by way of意為“經(jīng)由，通過…方法”。同位語從句中又套嵌一個(gè)由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。that引導(dǎo)的從句做believe的賓語從句。他們要找活干，不管什么活兒，不論什么條件，只要不被餓死就行。spring up意為“發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)，建立”。主語從句中，又有一個(gè)由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，主句為tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers…were forced…，時(shí)間狀語從句中從句主語the new factories又帶有一個(gè)定語從句that were springing up。7. Thus it happened that when the new factories that were springing up required labor，tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers，with their wives and children，were forced into the cities in search of work，and any work，under any condition，that would keep them alive.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是it happened that…。for引導(dǎo)的是表示原因的分句，分句中還有that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾the patterns and structure。it是指上句中所提到的150億年前形成的巨大云團(tuán)（a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion lightyears from earth）。6. But even more important，it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past，for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.　　結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是it was the farthest that…。動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)extend consideration to意為“給予關(guān)懷或關(guān)心”，consideration不應(yīng)譯為“考慮”。介詞短語at the outset譯為“從一開始”。復(fù)合句中that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中有either…or…引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)并列的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞be treated，其中第一個(gè)with介詞結(jié)構(gòu)中還有一個(gè)省略了關(guān)系代詞that或which的定語從句humans extend to other humans，修飾the consideration。 leads the discussion to extremes at the outset：it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans，or with no consideration at all. 結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that…。譯文：例如，測(cè)試并不能彌補(bǔ)明顯的社會(huì)不公。 able在句中作might have been的表語。and連接兩個(gè)并列分句，第二個(gè)并列分句中由how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句是一個(gè)帶有虛擬條件句的主從復(fù)合句，其中had he grown up…（=If he had grown up…）是省略了連詞if的非真實(shí)條件句。而當(dāng)所測(cè)定或預(yù)測(cè)的東西不能被明確界定時(shí)，測(cè)試效果最差。defined不能直譯為“被定義為”，而應(yīng)譯為主動(dòng)語態(tài)“界定”。the tests是主句的主語，work為動(dòng)詞做謂語。and連接兩個(gè)并列分句，每個(gè)并列分句中皆有一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句分別說明work most effectively和and（work）least effectively。譯文：既然對(duì)智力的評(píng)估相比較而言的，那么我們必須確保，在對(duì)我們的對(duì)象進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，我們所用的尺度能夠提供“有效的”或“公平的”比較。此賓語從句中又套嵌一個(gè)由介詞with+which引導(dǎo)的定語從句with which we are paring our subjects修飾先行詞the scale。since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句the assessment of intelligence is a parative matter。譯文：這種困境將是確定無疑的，因?yàn)槟茉吹膮T乏，高能量消耗這種美國耕種方式將很難在農(nóng)業(yè)中繼續(xù)下去，而這種耕種方式使投入少數(shù)農(nóng)民就可獲得高產(chǎn)成為可能。energy pinch譯為“能源的匱乏”。在定語從句中，that做主語，makes做謂語，it做形式賓語，不定式短語to bine few farmers with high yields則是真正的賓語（不定式短語內(nèi)部to bine是主干，few farmers是賓語，with high yields是狀語），possible做賓語補(bǔ)足語。since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。請(qǐng)大家按照上述步驟認(rèn)真分解以下70個(gè)句子，并把分解后的句子讀熟甚至背過，則基本上可以解決考研長難句問題。that can be given to a case before a trial begins是孕含有一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句（before a trial begins）的定語從句，修飾publicity。4） 非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)看作一個(gè)整體；5）找出全句的主語、謂語和賓語，即句子的主干；6） 分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和非謂語動(dòng)詞的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。1） 劃出句子中的定語從句和狀語從句。　非謂語動(dòng)詞可以有自己的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)（過去分詞除外），也可以跟自己的邏輯主語、賓語、狀語等成分，構(gòu)成一個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。②形容詞性從句，即我們平常所說的定語從句。從句子本身是一個(gè)完整的句子，因此，從句與從句之間的關(guān)系可能包孕、套嵌，也可能并列，平行。 考研英語長難句分析技巧及實(shí)戰(zhàn)70例長難句在考研閱讀、完型填空和翻譯中的出現(xiàn)頻率很高，無論句子有多長、結(jié)構(gòu)有多復(fù)雜，它都由一些基本的成分組成的。從結(jié)構(gòu)來說，英語句子中，除了謂語之外，其它的成分均可以由從句或者非謂語動(dòng)詞來充當(dāng)。從功能來說，英語有三大復(fù)合句，即:①名詞性從句，包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。③狀語從句