【正文】 中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等成分。試比較：1. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. 2. The news that you told us is really encouraging.[分析] 句1中that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明“news”的內(nèi)容：我們隊(duì)取得了決賽勝利。③ 連接代詞who, what等可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，如句3， 4；④ 連接副詞where, how, when等可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句， 如句5，6，7。 （二）引導(dǎo)詞[尋規(guī)找矩] 請(qǐng)仔細(xì)觀察下列句子，注意從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。 Where did you get the idea that I could not e？你從哪兒聽(tīng)說(shuō)我不能來(lái)？ 有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以不緊跟在被說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開(kāi)。可以跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞通常有：advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, word（消息），problem， question, doubt, thought等?！　?1 what happened yesterdayC、同位語(yǔ)從句(一) 概念 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在主從復(fù)合句中,用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫同位語(yǔ)從句?！　?0 who she is talking with　　9 who is singing 　　The keys: 1 if ,. 4 C. 5 D. 6 D. 7 C. 8 B　　 you know___________?(昨天發(fā)生了什么事)　　 you know___________?(她正在和誰(shuí)談話)　　 you know___________?(誰(shuí)正在唱歌)　　 is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea　　 to protect our environment　　 many persons have died in Iraq　　 is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLU　　I’m trying to find out____.　　 are you searching the Internet for?　　 C .who 　　Her cousin,susan.　　 you tell me ___she is looking for?　　C. that his name is D. what his name is 　　 is his name B. what’s his name　　 want to know_____　　C. who was it D. who it was　　 were they B. who they were　　 called you just now,but I didn’t know____　　C. what was the matter D. what the matter was　　’s the matter the matter is　　 didn’t know__________　　C. is going to visit D. would visit　　 visit B. has visited　　_He told me that he___ the Disney would the next day　　 did your son say in the letter?　　Do you know_____Jack _____from Japan?　　 Jack e from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一個(gè)句子)　　C. what does he read D. he reads what　　A. what he’s reading B. what is he reading　　 you see________?　　DO SOME EXERCISES:　　He didn’t know where to live.　　He didn’t know where he would live.　　I con’t know what to do next.　　例：I don’t know what I should do next.　　u賓語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的交換?！　he asked me if I liked maths.　　She asked me: “Do you like maths?”　　She said that she had been to England before.　　例：She said: “I have been to England before.”　　lCould you tell me…是用來(lái)征詢(xún)對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)，語(yǔ)氣委婉，并不表示過(guò)去?！　e told me that Japan is an island country.　　例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.如果從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，則從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)?！　〖龋褐骶涫且话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定?！　≠e語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制，連接代詞who,whom,whose, what, which,和連接副詞when, where, why, how 等連接的賓語(yǔ)從句，它們?cè)诰渲屑从羞B接從句的作用，又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分?！　±篍verything depends on whether we have enough money?！　在介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中不用if引導(dǎo)　　The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.　　例：I don’t know if/whether he will e tomorrow.　　B：由連詞if、 whether 引導(dǎo)的表示“是否…”的賓語(yǔ)從句?！　±篧e think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我認(rèn)為他向每一個(gè)人撒謊是錯(cuò)誤的)　　l在think,believe, suppose, expect等動(dòng)詞引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中，有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)盡管是否定意義，卻不用否定形式，而將think 等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?。　　例：I told him that he was wrong.　　A：由that 引導(dǎo)的陳述句性的賓語(yǔ)從句，在很多動(dòng)詞如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等動(dòng)詞后。　　一，引導(dǎo)詞現(xiàn)在從下列三個(gè)方面總結(jié)歸納如下：它是用一個(gè)句子做另一個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ)，將這個(gè)句子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。（定語(yǔ)從句who was shouting and crying修飾the girl，被upstairs所隔開(kāi)） A new master will e tomorrow who will teach you German. 明天要來(lái)一位新老師教你們德語(yǔ)了。例如： There was a girl upstairs who was shouting and crying, obviously mad. 樓上有一個(gè)女孩，大喊大叫。 六、定語(yǔ)從句的位置 如前所述，定語(yǔ)從句一般總是直接置于所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。 5. 介詞后的關(guān)系代詞用which，而不用that。例如： Which was the hotel that was remended to the foreign guest? 哪一個(gè)是推薦給外賓的賓館？（這里使用that很明顯是為了避免重復(fù)which） 4. 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞一般只用which。 He is the only person that has been invited to the ball. 他是惟一應(yīng)邀參加舞會(huì)的人。 2. 當(dāng)先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或限定詞the only, the very, all, every, any, no等時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般都用that。例如： All that glitters is not gold. 閃閃發(fā)光物，未必盡黃金。（that用來(lái)泛指人） 4. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞出現(xiàn)在who開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，應(yīng)用that。 3. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞泛指人時(shí)，多用that。（介詞與關(guān)系代詞緊密相連時(shí)，只能用賓格whom，不可用主格who） 注意：介詞與關(guān)系代詞不是緊密相連時(shí)，或者說(shuō)介詞放在句子后面時(shí)，這時(shí)可以用主格who，也可用that，還可以省略關(guān)系代詞。（在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，用who） 2. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞用作介詞后的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用賓格whom，不用that。例如： He who loses hope loses all. 失去希望的人就失去一切。（關(guān)系代詞as指代整個(gè)主句，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。 As is known to us, （As we know和 As is known to us均為定語(yǔ)從句，as分別作賓語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)，替代后面的主句。（as是關(guān)系代詞，代替先行詞pute