【正文】 一般為條形寬度的一半至一倍比較合適。 縱排 —— 柱形圖 橫排 —— 帶形圖 Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education ?繪制直條圖注意點： ?圖形的尺度必須以零點為起點，同時尺度上的任何單位必須用相等距離表示。 Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education 表 師大附小二年級 80個學生的身高 115 122 124 127 128 129 131 132 133 135 120 122 125 127 128 129 131 132 133 136 120 122 125 127 128 130 131 132 134 136 120 123 125 127 128 130 131 132 134 137 121 124 125 127 128 130 131 132 134 138 121 124 125 127 128 130 131 133 134 138 121 124 126 127 129 131 132 133 135 140 121 124 127 127 129 131 132 133 135 144 Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education 表 二年級 80個學生身高的頻數(shù) 身高 (1) 組中值 (2) 頻數(shù) (3) 115 118 121 124 127 130 133 136 139 142 1 3 8 10 20 19 12 4 2 1 總和 80 Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education 累積頻數(shù)和累積百分比分布表 組中值 Midpoints 頻數(shù) (絕對頻數(shù) )(f) (Absolute) Frequency 相對頻數(shù) (比率 )(rf) Relative Frequency 累積 (絕對 )頻數(shù) (cf) (Absolute) Cumulative Frequency 累積相對頻數(shù) (Rel cf) Relative Cumulative Frequency Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education 2. 累積頻數(shù)和累積百分比分布表 表 二年級 80個學生身高的頻數(shù)、累積頻數(shù)、累積百分比表 身高 組中值 頻數(shù) 相對頻數(shù) 累積頻數(shù) 累積百分比 115 118 121 124 127 130 133 136 139 142 1 3 8 10 20 19 12 4 2 1 .0125 .3750 .1000 .1250 .2500 .2375 .1500 .0500 .0250 .0125 1 4 12 22 42 61 73 77 79 80 100 總和 80 Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education 統(tǒng)計圖 表示間斷變量的統(tǒng)計圖 1. 直條圖 ?是利用條形的長短比較各種統(tǒng)計指標的大小 。將數(shù)據(jù)列入相應的組距內，在歸組時如遇有的數(shù)據(jù)正好等于某組的組限時，可將它歸入數(shù)據(jù)較大的一組。 上例： i= 3. 決定組限 每組的最低值為下限，最高值為上限，列出各組組限時，最低一組應包括最小的一個數(shù)據(jù)，最高一組應包括最大的一個數(shù)據(jù)。 表 師大附小二年級 80個學生的身高 135 134 129 133 131 131 131 134 125 128 135 127 127 133 130 132 132 129 124 132 122 124 127 131 137 132 133 134 124 128 135 133 131 123 115 132 134 138 124 132 128 136 127 120 125 131 136 127 124 129 129 132 138 125 131 120 121 144 128 133 128 127 130 120 121 122 127 121 125 130 140 121 126 130 122 128 127 125 127 131 Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education 1. 求全距 (Range,R) 全部數(shù)據(jù)的最大值與最小值之差 例： R =最大值 — 最小值 =144— 115=29 2. 決定組數(shù)與組距 (Intervals and Width) 組數(shù) (k)：分組的個數(shù) (一般 10～ 15為宜 )，具體根據(jù)樣本大小來確定組數(shù)，組數(shù)的確定要與組距同時考慮。 3. 頻數(shù)分布表 頻數(shù)分布用表格形式表達出來，這種表格叫頻數(shù)分布表。 表 本市市區(qū) 、 郊區(qū) 4歲和 6歲幼兒守恒能力測定成績統(tǒng)計表 n S ４歲 市區(qū) １６７ ６３ .３７ １９ .１７ 郊區(qū) ９１ ６６ .１５ １８ .２３ ６歲 市區(qū) １６７ ９１ .４７ １９ .５３ 郊區(qū) ９１ ９７ .７５ １６ .５７ XXDepartment of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education 連續(xù)變量頻數(shù)分布表列法 概念 1. 頻數(shù) 某一個隨機事件在 n次試驗中出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)稱為這個隨機事件的頻數(shù)。 表 某年級各班學生人數(shù) 班別 一班 二班 三班 四班 五班 人數(shù) ４２ ３６ ５０ ４５ １７３ 表 某校高三學生各年高考錄取人數(shù) 年份 1998 1999 2022 總和 高考錄取人數(shù) 144 123 125 392 Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education 2. 分組表 只按一個標志分組的統(tǒng)計表成為分組表 。 隨機事件： 3. 總體與樣本 (Population vs Sample) 4. 統(tǒng)計量與參數(shù) (Statistic vs Parameter) 樣本的數(shù)字特征稱為統(tǒng)計量 總體的數(shù)字特征稱為參數(shù) Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education