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ate ownership of your account and request the amount of ecash you want to withdraw, much like in person. But instead of putting paper cash in your wallet, your software stores the digital cash it obtains onto the hard disk of your PC.161。 ecash was a trademark of DigiCash, which went bankrupt in 1998, and was sold to eCash Technologies, which was acquired by InfoSpace in 2022.? ? 161。s Merita Bank/Eu, Sweden39。 In the United States, only one bank implemented ecash, the Mark Twain bank, and the system was dissolved in 1997 after the bank was purchased by Mercantile Bank, a large issuer of credit cards. Similar to credit cards, the system was free to purchasers, while merchants paid a transaction fee.161。 Cryptography [krip‘t?gr?fi] 密碼術(shù) , 密碼系統(tǒng); anonymous[ ?39。 ECash is a puter generated system which allows items to be purchased by credit card, check or by money order, providing secure online transactions and processing.161。 電子現(xiàn)金支付流程 161。 不容被復(fù)制或篡改;? 不可重復(fù)花費(fèi),只能使用一次。? 匿名性161。 在用戶之間任意轉(zhuǎn)讓,且不能被跟蹤;? 獨(dú)立性161。 電子現(xiàn)金應(yīng)具有的特性? 可分性161。 電子現(xiàn)金( ECash)又稱為數(shù)字現(xiàn)金,是一種以數(shù)據(jù)形式流通的貨幣,它把現(xiàn)金數(shù)值轉(zhuǎn)換成一系列的加密數(shù)據(jù)序列,通過(guò)這些序列數(shù)來(lái)表示現(xiàn)實(shí)中各種交易金額的幣值。 案例 各地交通卡的發(fā)展161。 Ecash161。? 在線系統(tǒng)、離線系統(tǒng);? 上述 4種組合分別形成的四類系統(tǒng)。 “認(rèn)證 ”指電子貨幣的持有者在使用電子貨幣時(shí)需要對(duì)其進(jìn)行確認(rèn),個(gè)人資料被發(fā)行者保存在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中,交易可以被追蹤;161。161。 如電話 IC卡、交通 IC卡、加油 IC卡;? 多用途電子貨幣161。161。161。 ( 1)卡基電子貨幣( Cardbased )? 載體是各種物理卡片,其中所含有的電子價(jià)值已經(jīng)由持卡人預(yù)先支付。 四、電子貨幣與結(jié)算卡(借記卡、信用卡)的區(qū)別一、電子貨幣產(chǎn)品分類161。 二、幾種電子貨幣產(chǎn)品161。第三節(jié) 電子貨幣產(chǎn)品161。 存取工具是否應(yīng)該包括在內(nèi) ?? 存取工具是代表傳統(tǒng)貨幣的信息,而嚴(yán)格電子貨幣本身就是貨幣。? 該類電子貨幣具備現(xiàn)金的匿名性,可用于個(gè)人間支付、并可多次轉(zhuǎn)手等特性,是以代替實(shí)體現(xiàn)金為目的而開發(fā)的。161。161。 ( 2)信用卡應(yīng)用型電子貨幣? 指商業(yè)銀行、信用卡公司等發(fā)行主體發(fā)行的貸記卡或準(zhǔn)貸記卡。同時(shí),儲(chǔ)值卡在客戶消費(fèi)時(shí)以扣減方式支付費(fèi)用,也就相當(dāng)于存款帳戶支付貨幣。 ( 1)儲(chǔ)值卡型電子貨幣? 一般以磁卡或 IC卡形式出現(xiàn),其發(fā)行主體除了商業(yè)銀行之外,還有電信部門(普通電話卡、 IC電話卡)、 IC企業(yè)(上網(wǎng)卡)、商業(yè)零售企業(yè)(各類消費(fèi)卡)、政府機(jī)關(guān)(內(nèi)部消費(fèi) IC卡)和學(xué)校(校園 IC卡)等。 There are two types of electronic money.? One is the closed loop type of electronic money, which is returned to the issuing institution (that is, converted into a deposit) each time it is used. The other is the open loop type, which has transferability like bank notes and coins. Most of the electronic money issued today is of the closed loop type. The only open loop type of electronic money in practical use now is Mondex money. ? By medium, electronic money can be classified into the IC card type and the work type (software type). ? 資料來(lái)源:htm四、國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者的定義161。 Electronic MoneyA New Means of Payment that is Reliable and Safe 161。三、日本 ECOM161。 2022年 10月起 ECB開始發(fā)布來(lái)自各國(guó)的數(shù)據(jù)。161。 對(duì)發(fā)行者的債權(quán)所代表的貨幣價(jià)值,并滿足:? 1)存儲(chǔ)于電子設(shè)備中;? 2)作為支付方式能夠被除了發(fā)行者之外的其他方所接受。 ”161。 1998年歐洲央行 (ECB)發(fā)布的 《 電子貨幣報(bào)告 》 中電子貨幣被寬泛地定義為:161。 * Several official bodies have each issued their own definition of electronic money. As