【正文】 d not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees, its principal advantage would be the improvement of freedom in interpersonal relationships in every sphere of daily life. 56. People used to think that poverty and unemployment were due to . A. the slow development of the economy B. the poor and jobless people39。s surface D. to identify the gravitational fields of the Earth and the moon 55. Precise calculations are . A. good guesses B. simple problems C. big errors D. exact Passage 4 6 A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically proved by economists that the laws of society make it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. Today, hardly anybody would dare to voice the principle. It is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth of the nation, either by the law of nature or by those of society. The opinions are outdated, which were current a hundred years ago, that the poor owed their conditions to their ignorance, lack of responsibility. In all western industrialized countries, a system of insurance has been introduced which guarantees everyone a minimum of subsistence in case of unemployment, sickness and old age. I would go one step further and argue that, even if these conditions are not present, in other words, one can claim this substance minimum without having to have any reason. I would suggest, however, that it should be limited to a definite period of time, let39。s gravity will pull it the rest of the way, it must reach a speed called velocity of escape. This speed is about 25,000 miles per hour. At a speed less than this, a rocket will merely circle the Earth in an orbit and eventually fall back to Earth. 51. This passage deals mainly with . A. the gravitational pull of the Earth and the moon B. the factors involved in firing a rocket into the outerspace C. the gravitational fields of the Earth and the moon D. the speed and direction of a rocket traveling in the outerspace 52. It can be seen that if a rocket misses its target, it keeps on traveling through space until . A. it burns up B. it is caught in the gravitational field of another pla C. it is brought back to the Earth by scientists D. it runs out of fuel 53. A rocket might miss its target, by a wide margin. This means the rocket missed the target . A. because of mechanical failure B. by a great deal C. by a small distance D. because the target moved 54. According to the passage, the most difficult task of firing a rocket is . A. to get the rocket into the space B. to calculate the rocket39。s surface. Remember that the moon is constantly circling the Earth. A rocket fired at the moon and continuing in the direction in which it was fired would miss the moon by a wide margin and perhaps continue to drift out into space until captured in another pla39。s to Earth. Thus it will be necessary to fire an Earthbound rocket only a few thousand miles away from the moon to reach a point where the rocket will drift to earth under the Earth39。s why. As a rocket leaves the Earth, the pull of the Earth on it bees less and less as the rocket roars out into space. If you imagine a line between the Earth the pull of the Earth and the moon, there is a point somewhere along that line, nearer to the moon than to the Earth, at which the gravitation pull of both the Earth and the moon on an object is just about equal. An object placed on the moon side of that point would be drawn to the moon. An object placed on the Earth side of that point would be drawn to the Earth. Therefore, a rocket need be sent only to this point of no return in order to get it to the moon. The moon?s gravity will pull it the rest of the way. The return trip of the rocket to Earth is, in some ways, less of a problem. The Earth39。s role 48. The word deterrent(Line 1, Para. 3) most probably means . A. threat B. delay C. determination D. hindrance 49. What is the tone of the text? A. Critical. B. Cynical. C. Ironic. D. Humorous. 50. What is the author39。s always fashionable to pose as the defender of underdog, so long as you, personally, remain unaffected. Did the defenders of crime, one wonders, in their desire for fairplay, consult the victims before they suspended capital punishment? Hardly. You see, they couldn?t, because all the victims were dead. 46. What is the main idea of the text? A. Society is to blame for the rising crime. B. All the criminals are to be sympathized. C. Crime defenders have done a lot for criminals. D. Severe punishment should be used to prevent crime. 47. In the author39。t all criminals. We have done away with the absurdly harsh laws of the nieenth century and this is only right. But surely enough is enough. The most senseless piece of criminal legislation in Britain and a number of other countries has been the suspension of capital punishment. The violent criminal has bee akin of herofigure in our time. He is glorified on the screen: he is pursued by the press and paid vast sums of money for his memoirs. Newspapers which specialize in crime reporting enjoy enormous circulations and the publishers of trashy cops and robbers stories or murder mysteries have never had it so good. When you read about the achievements of the great train robbers, it makes you wonder whether you are reading about the some glorious resistance movement. The hardened criminal is cuddled and cosseted by the