【正文】 ade in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies. As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at the speed with which new equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can39。s surface D. to identify the gravitational fields of the Earth and the moon 55. Precise calculations are . A. good guesses B. simple problems C. big errors D. exact Passage 4 6 A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically proved by economists that the laws of society make it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. Today, hardly anybody would dare to voice the principle. It is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth of the nation, either by the law of nature or by those of society. The opinions are outdated, which were current a hundred years ago, that the poor owed their conditions to their ignorance, lack of responsibility. In all western industrialized countries, a system of insurance has been introduced which guarantees everyone a minimum of subsistence in case of unemployment, sickness and old age. I would go one step further and argue that, even if these conditions are not present, in other words, one can claim this substance minimum without having to have any reason. I would suggest, however, that it should be limited to a definite period of time, let39。s surface. Remember that the moon is constantly circling the Earth. A rocket fired at the moon and continuing in the direction in which it was fired would miss the moon by a wide margin and perhaps continue to drift out into space until captured in another pla39。s why. As a rocket leaves the Earth, the pull of the Earth on it bees less and less as the rocket roars out into space. If you imagine a line between the Earth the pull of the Earth and the moon, there is a point somewhere along that line, nearer to the moon than to the Earth, at which the gravitation pull of both the Earth and the moon on an object is just about equal. An object placed on the moon side of that point would be drawn to the moon. An object placed on the Earth side of that point would be drawn to the Earth. Therefore, a rocket need be sent only to this point of no return in order to get it to the moon. The moon?s gravity will pull it the rest of the way. The return trip of the rocket to Earth is, in some ways, less of a problem. The Earth39。s always fashionable to pose as the defender of underdog, so long as you, personally, remain unaffected. Did the defenders of crime, one wonders, in their desire for fairplay, consult the victims before they suspended capital punishment? Hardly. You see, they couldn?t, because all the victims were dead. 46. What is the main idea of the text? A. Society is to blame for the rising crime. B. All the criminals are to be sympathized. C. Crime defenders have done a lot for criminals. D. Severe punishment should be used to prevent crime. 47. In the author39。 Handle with Care. It will never be so, these days to go around referring to criminals as violent thugs. You must refer to them politely as social misfits. The professional killer who wouldn39。s ine influenced C. the bad effects of the two evils will be associated with each other D. industrial revolution made men and women more equal 42. Which of the following happens if there is mild inflation? A. Everyone loses because of the increase of prices. B. Retired people do experience any influence. C. Creditors gain rather than lose with a rise in interest rates. D. Some people gain more while other lose. 43. In times of inflation . A. people like private or public investment B. there is usually full plant capacity C. creditors suffer more than other people D. everyone suffers and no one gains 44. The author39。 we are puzzled which we should believe. A. discrepancies B. distractions C. diversions D. discretion 13. In many cultures people who were thought to have the ability to dreams were likely to be highly respected. A. interpret B. intervene C. inherit D. impact 14. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on . A. consciousness B. impulse C. instinct D. response 15. Equipment not official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop. A. conforming to B. consistent with C. predominant over D. providing for 16. According to a growing number of experts, it is already technically to construct a pioneering space colony, powered by solar energy. A. practical B. flexible C. feasible D. beneficial 17. Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly _ _ to hot, dry winds. They are what we call weathersensitive people. A. subjective B. subordinate C. liable D. vulnerable 18. These areas rely on agriculture almost , having few mineral recourses and a minimum of industrial development.