【正文】 e 39。 for the young girl, a source of healthy vigour。s cocoa not only proclaimed its purity but also detailed other benefits: 39。 arguments as well as eyecatching and witty slogans. Many advertisers followed his lead and started to include reasonwhy39。brand39。s attitude towards future full employment is generally ____. A. supportive. B. wavering. C. sceptical. D. unclear. 正確答案是 TEXT D During the early stages of the Industrial Revolution, advertising was a relatively straightforward means of announcement and munication and was used mainly to promote novelties and fringe products. But when factory production got into full swing and new products, . processed foods, came onto the market, national advertising campaigns and brandnaming of products became necessary. Before largescale factory production, the typical manufacturing unit had been small and adaptable and the task of distributing and selling goods had largely been undertaken by wholesalers. The small nonspecialised factory which did not rely on massive investment in machinery had been flexible enough to adapt its production according to changes in public demands. But the economic depression which lasted from 1873 to 1894 marked a turning point between the old method of industrial anisation and distribution and the new. From the beginning of the nieenth century until the 1870s, production had steadily expanded and there had been a corresponding growth in retail outlets. But the depression brought on a crisis of overproduction and underconsumption manufacture goods piled up unsold and prices and profits fell. Towards the end of the century many of the small industrial firms realised that they would be in a better position to weather economic depressions and slumps if they bined with other small businesses and widened the range of goods they produced so that all their eggs were not in one basket. They also realised that they would have to take steps to ensure that once their goods had been produced there was a market for them. This period ushered in the first phase of what economists now call monopoly capitalism39。 working time can take place on a scale sufficiently large and at a pace sufficiently fast to make it possible to share out the available paid employment to everyone who wants it. Such negotiations as there have recently been, for example in Britain and Germany, about the possibility of introducing a 35hour working week, have highlighted some of the difficulties. But, secondly, if changes of this kind were to take place at a pace and on a scale sufficient to make it possible to share employment among all who wanted it, the resulting situation in which most people would not be working in their jobs for more than two or three short days a week could hardly continue to be one in which employment was still regarded as the only truly valid form of work. There would be so many people spending so much of their time on other activities, including other forms of useful work, that the primacy of employment would be bound to be called into question, at least to some extent. 40. The author uses the negotiations in Britain and Germany as an example to ____. A. support reductions in employees39。 (5) in form rather than in substance。 (3) in the less basic, less emotional, or less sacred aspects of society than in their opposites, like religion or a system of prestige。s hope it is indeed crumbling. 36. The researcher find that there are stronger connections between ____. A. low selfesteem and violence. B. low selfcontrol and violence. C. high selfimage and violence. D. high selfcontrol and violence. 正確答案是 37. The researchers would most probably agree with the following EXCEPT ____. A. selfesteem should be promoted and encouraged. B. schools should change their concept of selfesteem. C. the traditional view is beginning to lose ground. D. prisons should change their present practice. 正確答案是 TEXT B Social change is more likely to occur in heterogeneous societies than in homogeneous ones, simply because there are more diverse points of view available in the former. There are more ideas, more conflicts of interest, and more groups and anizations of different persuasions. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and tolerance in heterogeneous societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision rather than subjecting them to authority. In a quite homogeneous society, there are fewer occasions for people to perceive the need or the opportunity for change, because everything seems to be the same and, if not satisfactory, at least customary and undisputed. Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily (1) in the material aspects of the culture than in the nonmaterial, for example, in technology rather than in values。 ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN.) Direction: The following passage contains ten errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a ^ sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash / and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line. EXAMPLE When ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an it (never/) buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3)e