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product that is consumed, produced, or modified by one or more tasks. Artifacts may be posed of other artifacts. For example, a model artifact can be posed of model elements, which are also artifacts. ? 可交付件 ( Deliverable) : A deliverable is a collection of work products, usually artifacts. Deliverables are used to define typical or remended content in the form of work products packaged for delivery. Deliverables are also used to represent an output from a process that has value, material or otherwise, to a client, customer, or other stakeholder. ? 成果( Oute) : An oute is an intangible work product that may be a result or state. Outes may also be used to describe work products that are not formally defined. 4. 內(nèi)容指南: ? 添加到內(nèi)容元素中的補(bǔ)充信息 ,如圖: EPF模型 5 EPF之流程元素 ? 流程元素 – 活動 : 對任務(wù)以及它們相關(guān)的角色和工作產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行分組。每個任務(wù)都被分配到一個特定的角色 。 EPF模型 4