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ed spores. Pseudomycelia and arthrospores may be formded. They form films on liquid media. They are known to grow in olive brines and to cause spoilage of pickles and sauerkraut. 紅酵母屬:細(xì)胞為球狀或卵圓形,少數(shù)能形成假菌絲,以多側(cè)出芽生殖的方式繁殖,不具有發(fā)酵性??梢栽陂蠙禧}水中生長,引起泡菜腐敗??赡軙纬杉倬z體和節(jié)孢子。 Cryptococcus :They are asporogenous, reproduce by multiply by multilateral budding and are nonfermenters of are hyaline and red or orange , and they may form arthrospores. They have been found on plants and in soils,strawberries and other friuts, marine fish, shrimp, and fresh ground beef. 畢赤氏酵母屬: 酵母中的大家族。不能發(fā)酵糖,菌體為透明、紅色或橙色,產(chǎn)節(jié)孢子。它們在進(jìn)行液體發(fā)酵時能夠產(chǎn)生菌膜。 ? Candida: Members of this genus are the most mon yeasts in fresh ground beef and poultry, and is the most prevalent in foods in general. Some members are involved in the fermentation of foods. ? 酒香酵母屬:不產(chǎn)孢子,能在頂端發(fā)芽生殖,在有氧 的條件下能利用葡萄糖發(fā)酵產(chǎn)乙酸。 是出芽的順序 ? 有性繁殖 ? 過程: ? ① 原生質(zhì)體突起 , 形成接合橋; ? ② 先質(zhì)配 , 進(jìn)而核配 , 形成雙倍體; ? ③ 減數(shù)分裂,進(jìn)而分裂或不同的子核,形成子囊孢子 圖為酵母菌子囊孢子的形成過程 4:兩個細(xì)胞結(jié)合; 5:接合子; 9:核分裂; 11:核形成孢子 (五 )食品中常見的酵母菌屬概要 Synopsis of mon genera of foodborne yeasts ? 酒香酵母屬 Brettanomyces ? 假絲酵母屬 Candida ? 德巴利酵母屬 Dryptococcus ? 有孢漢遜酵母屬 Hanseniaspora ? 克魯維酵母屬 Kluyveromyces ? 畢赤酵母屬 Pichia ? 酵母屬 S