【正文】 primate靈長動物 ? ? carnivore食肉動物 ? herbivore食草動物 ? omnivore雜食動物 ? scavenger食腐動物 ? reptile 爬行動物 ? amphibian 兩棲 (類 ) ? lizard蜥蜴 chameleon變色龍 ? frog青蛙 tadpole蝌蚪 ? mammal 哺乳動物 ? antelope羚羊 otter水獺 ? gorilla大猩猩 chimpanzee黑猩猩 ? baboon狒狒 ape 猿 ? giraffe長頸鹿 rhinoceros犀牛 ? hippo河馬 sloth樹懶 ? Solitary animal 獨(dú)居 ? bear , frog , tiger ? Social animal群居 ? ant, bee, chimpanzee ? Migrate animal遷徙 ? butterfly, locust , crane ?mutation變種 ?variation變異 ?biodiversity生物多樣性 ?peculiarity 特性 botany植物學(xué) cell tissue an system ?parasite plant寄生植物 ?A parasitic plant is one that derives some or all of its sustenance from another plant. About 4,100 species in approximately 19 families of flowering plants are known. Parasitic plants have a modified root, the haustorium, that perates the host plant lawn草坪 meadow牧場 prairie大草原 mosses苔蘚 shrub / bush灌木 ? canopy樹冠層 /頂棚 ? foliage / leaf葉 stem莖 ? sprout嫩芽 /抽枝 trunk樹干 ? twig小樹枝 jungle叢林 ? flower花 blossom花 ? bud花蕾 petal花瓣 ? pollen花粉 pollinate傳授花粉 pine 松樹 （ Hard needle pine） sequoia紅杉 spruce云杉 plum blossom梅花 orchid蘭花 water lily荷花 /蓮花 photosynthesis光合作用 chlorophyll 葉綠素 Origin of Species ? survival of the fittest適者生存 ?animal adaptation動物適應(yīng)性 ?game animal: 狩獵動物 ?predator 捕獵者 ?prey被捕獵的動物 ?adapt to/adjust to 適應(yīng) ?mimicry擬態(tài) camouflage偽裝 ? Evolutionary theory ?In biology, evolution is the change in the geic material of a population of anisms from one generation to the next. Though the changes produced in any one generation are small, differences accumulate with each generation and can, over time, cause substantial changes in the anisms. Read Passage 95 Topic 7 astronomy (天文學(xué) ) ?cosmos / universe宇宙 ?astronomy天文學(xué) ?astronomical observatory天文臺 ?astronaut / spaceman宇航員 ?celestial天體的 ?celestial body / heavenly body天體 ?celestial sphere天球 ?rotation rotate 自傳 ?revolution revolve 公轉(zhuǎn) ? asteroid小行星 ? nebula星云 ? et彗星 ? meteorite隕石 ? star恒星 ?stellar恒星的 ? pla行星 ? satellite衛(wèi)星 ?galaxy / Milky Way銀河系 ?Solar System ? solar 太陽的 ? lunar 月亮的 Mercury 水星 Venus 金星 Mars 火星 Earth 地球 Saturn 土星 Jupiter 木星 Uranus天王星 Neptune 海王星 Pluto冥王星 molecule atom proton neutron ion particle photon electron 中子 粒子 電子 分子 光子 原子 離子 質(zhì)子 Read Passage 81 Topic 8 archeology (考古學(xué) ) archaeology考古學(xué) Archaeologist考古學(xué)家 paleontology古生物學(xué) ?paleontologist anthropology人類學(xué) ?anthropologist ?Archaeology, archeology, is the science that studies human cultures through the recovery, documentation, analysis, and interpretation of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, features, biofacts, and landscapes. ?Due to its analysis of human cultures, it is a subset of anthropology. ? Paleontology (palaeontology) is the study of prehistoric life, including anisms39。 ?舉例： When he was young, he was always beaten by his father. When young, he was always beaten by his father 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ?測試 1：寫出省略句 ?If you are in doubt, you could ask at your local library. ?If in doubt, you could ask at your local library ?The room was a little shabby, though it is large. ?The room was a little shabby, though large. 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ?測試 2：找出該句子中的省略 ? Other possible chemical defenses, while not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of parasitic relationship. For example, glycolprotein in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes that degrade cell walls. 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ? 7 比較結(jié)構(gòu) ： ? 比較的形式要一致 ： The United States is larger than UK/ UK is/ is UK ? 比較的對象要泛指： Your car is much more expensive than the one I have. ?比較的對象要一致： The temperature in Alaska is much lower than that of Texas. 二、泛讀 —— 快速閱讀與有效閱讀 ? 1．快速閱讀方法 (I)句子簡讀法 : 所有的句子都先讀主干，再看引導(dǎo)句 (1) n + that + V = 定語從句 (2) V. + that = 賓語從句 (3) S+V, …… , O “ …… ” 省略不讀 (4) S, …… , V+O “ …… ” 省略不讀 二、泛讀 —— 快速閱讀與有效閱讀 (II) n1 , n2 , n3 ……( 名詞并列，則 找一個(gè)自己認(rèn)識的讀 ) ? . Aggressive behavior is intended to cause injury, pain , suffering , damage or destruction. 二、泛讀 —— 快速閱讀與有效閱讀 (III) n1 of n2 , n1是 中心詞、核心詞 n1 of n2 of n3 , n1是 中心詞、核心詞 ? ． An understanding of the derivation of the word petition supports that ……. ? 翻譯的方式：從 后 向 前 翻譯依次加“的” 二、泛讀 —— 快速閱讀與有效閱讀 (IV) n1 or n2 , n1 and n2 (n n2認(rèn)識一個(gè)就行 ) . Based20 or Vigesimal system are less used. 二、泛讀 —— 快速閱讀與有效閱讀 (V) A such as 或者 such A as B. C. D. 只要認(rèn)識 ? Verbal attacks such as screaming and shouting or belittling and humiliating ments can also be a type of aggression. 二、泛讀 —— 快速閱讀與有效閱讀 (VI) 看到一下詞組，只讀逗號后面的內(nèi)容 In addition to ……, …… In addition, Rather than …… , While / though / even if / even though……, ….. 二、泛讀 —— 快速閱讀與有效閱讀 (VII) more A than B Than以后的內(nèi)容不讀 (VIII) as well as = and → 同 IV 二、泛讀 —— 快速閱讀與有效閱讀 ? 2. 閱讀中需要詳略結(jié)合 —— skimming but not skip.