【正文】 s, improves RTY, cycle time, etc. We can also eliminate or reduce inspection, test, and rework. 25 The Sources of Six Sigma Quality… by controlling... by designing... Continuously Reduce Process Variability Tighter Upper amp。 ) 2 308,537 3 66,807 4 6,210 5 233 6 s PPM Process Capability Defects per Million Opp. Six Sigma corresponds to parts per billion if process is centered Six Sigma Goal 3 Sigma 6 Sigma 5 Sigma 4 Sigma % % % % Historical Current Intermediate Longterm Sigma LongTerm Yield Standard Six Sigma Performance Target .... To Produce Improved Rolled Throughput Yield, Defects Per Unit, amp。1 Six Sigma By Daniel Wu Ford Lio Ho Motor Company ： ； :； ： 2 Outline ? Quality level ? What is Six sigma? ? Why we need Six sigma? ? Development and Deployment strategy ? How Six sigma merges into our daily business? 3 OverviewFour Quality Gurus ? Historically panies have focused on quality issues for customer satisfaction ? Prior to six sigma there were four key quality gurus that most panies’ quality programs followed ? Deming ? Juran ? Crosby ? Taguchi 4 Deming Deming taught: ? Importance of understanding variation in work processes ? Role of management in leading for quality ? Application of statistics ? PlanDoCheckAct 5 Deming’s Contribution to Profitability EXTERNAL INTERNAL CUSTOMER SATISFACTION MARKET SHARE PROFIT PRODUCTIVITY QUALITY Better products amp。 services Improved processes Compete with value PRICE Compete with Price Decreased cycle time Eliminate setup times COST Opportunity for profit PRODUCT QUALITY PROCESS QUALITY Reduce rework Eliminate inprocess inspection Reduce scrap Increase product life Eliminate ining testing Plan Do Check Act 6 Juran Juran taught: ? Breakthrough performance ? Pareto effect ? Importance of management principles ? Quality by design and planning 7 Juran’s Contribution Planning Cost of Poor Quality (Percent of operating costs) Production Begins Original zone of process control New zone of process control 0 20 40 0 Control Time Improvement Lessons Learned Sporadic spike from observed problem Chronic Waste (an opportunity for improvement) Control Special cause variation Common cause variation 8 Crosby Crosby taught: ? Customer requirement is performance standard ? Quality maturity is a journey ? Preventive action as basic approach 9 Taguchi Taguchi taught: ? Cost of poor quality is loss to society as a whole ? Robust quality is designed for consistent production ? Design control is more important than production control 10 Taguchi’s Contribution Lower Specification Limit Upper Specification Limit Nominal Value Region of Customer Complaints Region of Customer Complaints Region of Questionable Performance Region of Questionable Performance Region of Specified Performance Mean Lower Control Limit Upper Control Limit Region of Desired Performance Cost 11 What Are the Limits to Improvement? 2 Sigma 3 Sigma 4 Sigma 5 Sigma 6 Sigma Basic Quality Tools Statistical Tools Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) Basic Tools Wall Design Wall Clean Sheet 12 Challenge in the millennium Question confronting business leaders and managers: It is not: ―How do we succeed?‖ It’s: ―How do we stay successfully?‖ 13 Change “ It is not the strongest that survive, nor