【正文】 first marriage in the USA has been inching upward。 someone who made us proud to be British, Blair said in a statement. A. loyal B. liar C. gangster D. predominant 參考答案 :CBADA 第 5 課 一、真題文章 Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They admitted that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the average man. But they insisted that its immediate results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the bulk of the English population. By contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a pletely agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity. This view, however, is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists in history and economics, have shown two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was marked by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace. 二、考研核心詞匯 industrialization n. 工業(yè)化 , 產(chǎn)業(yè)化 [例 ] bring about industrialization 實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化 [派生 ] industrialize vt. 使工業(yè)化 vi. 工業(yè)化 average n. 平均 , 平均水平 , 平均數(shù) , 海損 adj. 一般的 , 通常的 , 平均的 vt. 平均為 , 均分 , 使平衡 , 達(dá)到平均水平 vi. 買進(jìn) , 賣出 [例 ] What is the average rainfall for August in your country? 你們國家八月份的平均降雨量是多少 ? [同義 ] fair, medium, middle, ordinary, passable, usual [反義 ] maximum n. 最大量 , 最大限度 , 極大 adj. 最高的 , 最多的 , 最大極限的 , minimum adj. 最小的 , 最低的 n. 最小值 , 最小化 [派生 ] averagely adv. 平均地 , 一般地 [固定搭配 ] law of averages 平均律； on (an) average 通常；按平均； widespread adj. 分布廣泛的 , 普遍的 [例 ] a widespread disease 一種流行病 [派生 ] widespreader 撒布裝置 misery n. 痛苦 , 苦惱 , 悲慘 , 不幸 , 窮困 8 [例 ] Misery loves pany. 同病相憐。 [同義 ] primarily [派生 ] fundament n. 基礎(chǔ) , 基本原理 , 臀部 fundamental adj. 基礎(chǔ)的 , 基本的 n. 基本原則 , 基本原理 pension n. 養(yǎng)老金 , 退休金 [例 ] “ Some French farmers suggest that the Government pension off the older and less efficient farmers” (. Dionne, Jr.) “一些法國農(nóng)夫向政府建 議讓那些年長的或工作效率低下的農(nóng)夫領(lǐng)取退休金或補(bǔ)助金而退休”(小 ) [同義 ] aid, allowance, assistance, grant, help, stipend [派生 ] pensionable adj. 有資格領(lǐng)退休金的 , 可領(lǐng)退休金的 7 loyal adj. 忠誠的 , 忠心的 [例 ] The people stayed loyal to their country. 人民忠于他們的國家。 [同義 ] assemble, cluster, collect, crowd, gather, meet [固定搭配 ] a swarm of 一群 , 一堆； swarm into 蜂擁而入； swarm with 充滿著 , 擁擠著； giant n. 巨人 , 大力士 , 巨大的動物或植物 , 偉人 , 天才 adj. 龐大的 , 巨大的 [例 ] Shakespeare is a giant among writers. 莎士比亞是一位文壇巨匠。對雇員而言，這將意味著不再享有保障、福利，不再具有作為一個忠實(shí)雇員的使命感。這種“一次性”的就業(yè)大軍是當(dāng)今美國經(jīng)濟(jì)的最重要的趨勢，而且它從根本上改變了個人與職業(yè)的關(guān)系。某日，正當(dāng)通用汽車公司和 IBM這樣的工業(yè)巨頭們正通過裁減雇員數(shù)目以求設(shè)法生存時，總部在威斯康星州密爾沃基市的“人力公司”卻是門庭若市。s pay. One day at a time. As industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive by reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming. 6 Even though its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly being a nation of parttimers and temporary workers. This disposable work force is the most important trend in American business today, and it is fundamentally changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for panies to remain globally petitive while avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens imposed by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of importance that came from being a loyal employee. 二、譯文 擁有五十六萬員工的人力公司是世界上最大的臨時就業(yè)代理機(jī)構(gòu)。s largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people swarm into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day39。 [同義 ] adapt, catalog, classify, fit, anize, settle [反義 ] derange vt. 使錯亂 , 擾亂 , 使精神錯亂 , 使發(fā)狂 disturb vt. 弄亂 , 打亂 , 打擾 , 擾亂 v. 擾亂 [派生 ] arrangement n. 排列 , 安排 [固 定搭配 ] arrange for 安排 , 準(zhǔn)備； arrange with sb. about ； essential adj. 本質(zhì)的 , 實(shí)質(zhì)的 , 基本的 , 提煉的 , 精華 n. 本質(zhì) , 實(shí)質(zhì) , 要素 , 要點(diǎn) [例 ] What is the essential difference between these two economic systems? 這兩種經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的本質(zhì)區(qū)別是什么 ? [同義 ] basic, fundamental, important, necessary, needed, required [派生 ] essentiality n. 本性 , 真髓 , 本質(zhì) , 重要性 [固定搭配 ] essential guidelines 主要方針；必要指標(biāo) excess n. 過度 , 剩于 , 無節(jié)制 , 超過 , 超額 adj. 過度的 , 額外的 [例 ] You have to pay for excess luggage on a plane. 在飛機(jī)上你得付超重的行李費(fèi)。 [反義 ] abandonment n. 放棄 [派生 ] maintain vt. 維持 , 維修 , 繼續(xù) , 供養(yǎng) , 主張 deficiency n. 缺乏 , 不足 [例 ] a nutritional deficiency 營養(yǎng)缺乏 [同義 ] shortage, insufficiency, lack, inadequacy weakness [反義 ] sufficiency ；自滿；足量 [派生 ] deficient adj. 缺乏的 , 不足的 , 不完善的 [固定搭配 ] make up for a deficiency 補(bǔ)足虧空 5 apparent adj. 顯然的 , 外觀上的 [例 ] It was apparent that he knew nothing about how to repair cars. 很明顯，他一點(diǎn)兒也不知道怎樣修理小汽車。 三、考研核心詞匯 vitamin n. 維他命 , 維生素 [例 ] primary vitamin 維生素原 [派生 ] vitaminic adj. 維他命的 anic adj. 器官的 , 有機(jī)的 , 組織的 , 建制的 [例 ] an anic part 一個有機(jī)的組成部分 [派生 ] anism n. 生物體 , 有機(jī)體 pound n. 混合物 , [化 ]化合物 adj. 復(fù)合的 v. 混合 , 配合 [例 ] If you take this action, it will only pound your problems. 如果你這么做，只能徒然增加你的困難。 盡管如此，許多人出于保險的想法，還是攝入過量的維生素。各種維生素的不同之處在于，各種維生素的元素排列不同，同時每種維生素在人體內(nèi)都有一種或多種特別的作用。至少有 13種維生素，若缺少其中一種，缺乏癥疾病便明顯可見。 s vitamin needs. 二、參考譯文 維生素是有機(jī)化合物，飲食中少量的維生素是維持動物（包括人類）生存和生長必不可少的部分。 [同義 ] break, shatter, smash, strike [派生 ] crasher n. 猛擊 , 不速之客 [固定搭配 ] on a crash basis 緊 [應(yīng) ]急地； with a crash 轟隆一聲。 [同義 ] deadly, destructive, disastrous, fateful, important, killing [派生 ] fatally adv. 致命地 , 宿命地 , 不幸地 bacterial adj. 細(xì)菌的 [例 ] bacterial diseases. 細(xì)菌性疾病 [派生 ] bacteria n. 細(xì)菌 immune adj. 免疫的 [例 ] The criminal was told he would be immune from punishment if he helped the police. 罪犯被告知說 ,如果他協(xié)助警方 ,就 可以免受懲罰。to the purpose 中肯 deprivation n. 剝奪 [例 ] deprivation of civil rights 剝奪公民權(quán) [派生 ] deprival n. 剝奪 deprive / di5prai