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2025-05-22 14:01本頁面
【正文】 d (ASD) The stress method is as follows: 1. Visualize and quantify the service (working) load conditions as intelligently as possible. You can make adjustments by determining statistically likely load binations ( , dead load plus live load plus wind load). considering load duration. and so on. 2. Establish standard stress. stability, and deformation limits for the various structural responsesin tension. bending, shear, buckling. deflection, and so on. 3. Evaluate the structure39。s safety against two limits: an acceptable maximum stress (called allowable working stress) and a tolerable extent of deformation (deflection. stretch. erc.). These limits refer to a structure39。 sketches arc invaluable learning and problemsolving aids. Three types of graphics are most useful: the freebody diagram. the exaggerated profile of a loaddeformed structure. and the scaled pial. A freebody diagram bines a picture of an isolated physical clemen I with representations of all external forces. The isolated clement may be a whole structure or some part of it. For example. Figure shows an entire structurea beamandeolumn rigid bentand the external forces (represented by arrows). which include gravity. wind. and the reactive resistance of the supports (called the reactions). Note: Such a force system holds the structure in static equilibrium. Figure is a freebody diagram of a single beam from the bent. Operating on the beam are two forces: its own weight and the interaction between the beam ends and the columns 10 which the beam is all ached. These interactions are not visible in the Ireebody diagram of the whole bent. so one purpose of the diagram for the beam is to illustrate these interactions. For example. note that the columns transmit to theendsofthe beams horizontal and vertical forces as well as rotational bending actions. Figure shows an isolated portion ofthe beam length. illustrating the beam39。s load responsehow it handles internal forces and stresses and significant deformations. 5. Evaluate whether the structure can safely handle the required structural tasks. Investigation may take several forms. You can ? Visualize graphically the structure39。s physical beingmaterials, form, scale. orientation. location. support conditions, and internal character and detail. 2. Determine the demands placed on the structurethat is. loads. 3. Determine the struc
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