【正文】 nd low voltage work is still today one of the objectives of singlechip development. At the moment, it can be singlechip ~ conditions. And some manufacturers, it can produce ~ 6V to work under the conditions of the single chip. These singlechip panies are Fujitsu39。 Hitachi39。s MC68HC08MR16, MR24 and so on. In these singlechip, the pulse width modulation circuit 6channel output, can produce threephase PWM AC voltage, and internal control with deadzone function. Of particular note are: It is now some have adopted the socalled singlechip trinuclear (TrCore) structure. This is a systemlevel chips built on the (System on a chip) on the structure of the concept. This singlechip consists of three core ponents: a microcontroller and the DSP core, a data and program memory is nuclear and the last one is the external application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The most important feature of this singlechip is the DSP and microcontroller at the same time do so in a chip. Although the structure definition, DSP is a type of singlechip, but its role is mainly seen in the highspeed puting and special treatment as above, such as fast Fourier transform. It bines traditional singlechip integrated singlechip greatly enhanced functionality. This is the singlechip, one of the greatest progress. This singlechip microputer has the most typical Infineon39。s MB89850 series of panies, MB89860 series。 Motorola39。s exclusive singlechip microputer. A certain period of time, this situation will continue to be upheld, there will not be a singlechip monopoly domination, taking the plementary interdependence, plementarity and mon development. Third, the technical development of digital singlechip The number of singlechip technology is reflected in the internal structure, power consumption, as well as the external voltage level on the manufacturing process. In these areas, more typically describes the number of singlechip level. At the moment, users need more and more singlechip, but getting higher and higher requirements. The following four areas on which the technological progress that the situation of singlechip microputer. 1, the internal structure of the progress Singlechip integrated inhouse has been an increasing number of parts, these parts include monly used circuits, such as: timers, parators, A / D converter, D / A converters, serial munication interface, Watchdog circuit , LCD controller. Some singlechip control work in order to constitute or form a local work, the internal local area work control module contains the CAN. For example, Infineon39。s PIC and reduced instruction set (RISC) has a strong development momentum of China Taiwan HOLTEK singlechip panies in recent years, increasing production, with its high quality lowcost advantages, to occupy a certain market share. MOTOROLA addition to the pany39。s products and China Taiwan39。s a new generation of simulator technology. But a new generation of patented technology makes the simulator there is no 外文翻譯 economic power can not afford to buy the beginners. Second, the development trend of singlechip It can be said now is a singlechip opinions of the period, the world39。Motorola 公司的 MC68HC08 系列及其 1 6/32 位單片機(jī)就采用了這種技術(shù)以提高可靠性 First, the development of simulator Throughout nearly two decades of national development process of simulation technology, according to simulator technology to be used to divide the domestic about the design of simulators can be divided into the following periods: (1) the late 70s in the mid 80 The technology during this period was mainly the development of simulation systems, now is not high technology, the user request is not high. (2) the late 8039。對(duì)于要求可靠性較高的系統(tǒng)，低 頻外時(shí)鐘有利于降低系統(tǒng)的噪聲。這外文翻譯 些電流較大的驅(qū)動(dòng)電路集成到芯片內(nèi)部在工作時(shí)帶來了各種噪聲，為了減少這種影響，現(xiàn)在單片機(jī)采用多個(gè)小管子并聯(lián)等效一個(gè)大管子的方法，并在每個(gè)小管子的輸出端串上不同等效阻值的電阻，以降低 di/dt，這也就是所謂 跳變沿軟化技術(shù) ，從而消除大電流瞬變時(shí)產(chǎn)生的噪聲。 現(xiàn)在為了適應(yīng)各種應(yīng)用的需要，很多單片機(jī)的輸出能力都有了很大提高， Motorola 公司的單片機(jī) I/O 口的灌拉電流可達(dá) 8mA 以上，而 Microchip 公司的單片機(jī)可達(dá) 25mA?，F(xiàn)在，很多單片機(jī)都把地和電源引腳安排在兩條相鄰的引腳上。 低噪聲布線技術(shù)及驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù) 在傳統(tǒng)的單片機(jī) 中，電源及地線是在集成電路外殼的對(duì)稱引腳上，一般是在左上、右下或右上、左下的兩對(duì)對(duì)稱點(diǎn)上。這樣，就提高了單片機(jī)工作的可靠性。 五，單片機(jī)應(yīng)用的可靠性技術(shù)發(fā)展 在單片機(jī)應(yīng)用中，可靠性是首要因素為了擴(kuò)大單片機(jī)的應(yīng)用范圍和領(lǐng)域，提高單片機(jī)自身的可靠性是一種有效方法。嵌入互聯(lián)網(wǎng)聯(lián)盟 ETI（ embed the Inter Consortium）正在緊密合作，共同開發(fā)嵌入式 Inter 的解決方案。 目前，單片機(jī)應(yīng)用中提出了一個(gè)新的問題：這就是如何使 8 位、 16 位單片機(jī)控制的產(chǎn)品，也即嵌入式產(chǎn)品或設(shè)備能實(shí)現(xiàn)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)互連？ TASKING 公司目前正在為解決這個(gè)問題提供了途徑。否則，將要求 emGateway和網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器相互配合。網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器使用 emObjicts 進(jìn)行顯示和嵌入式設(shè)備之間的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。這個(gè)技術(shù)包括三個(gè)主要部分：即 emMicro， emGateway 和網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器。這方面較為典型的有 emWare 公司和 TASKING 公司。為了使復(fù)雜的或簡(jiǎn)單的嵌入式設(shè)備，例如單片機(jī)控制的機(jī)床、單片機(jī)控制的門鎖，能切實(shí)可行地和 Inter 連接，就要求專門為嵌入式微控制器設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器，使嵌入式設(shè)備可以和 Inter 相連，并通過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器進(jìn)行過程 控制。這種技術(shù)在互聯(lián)上存儲(chǔ)及訪問大量數(shù)據(jù)是合適的，但對(duì)于控制嵌入式器件就成了 殺雞用牛刀 了。目前，把單片機(jī)嵌入式系統(tǒng)和 Inter 連接已是一種趨勢(shì)。這些技術(shù)的進(jìn)步大大地提高了單片機(jī)的內(nèi)部密度和可靠性。而 TI 公司的 MSP430X11X 系列的工作電壓也是低達(dá) 。而一些廠家，則生產(chǎn)出可以在 ～ 6V的條件下工作的單片機(jī)。擴(kuò)大電源電壓范圍以及在較低電壓下仍然能工作是今天單片機(jī)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)之一。這是 PIC12CXXX 系列。 現(xiàn)在單片機(jī)的封裝水平已大大提高，隨著貼片工藝的出現(xiàn)，單片機(jī)也大量采用了各種合符貼片工藝的封裝方式出現(xiàn)，以大量減少體積。在 LPM3 時(shí)，振蕩器處于 32kHz，這時(shí)功耗只有 ?A。它的低功耗方式有 LPM LPM LPM4 三種。 Philips 公司的單片機(jī) P87LPC762 是一個(gè)很典型的例子，在空閑時(shí)，其功耗為 mA，而在節(jié)電方式中，其功耗只有 。這些單片機(jī)都是