【正文】 will fade away to be replaced by moreproductive binations. Such moreproductive binations are superquality, superproductivity plants. The goal is to design and operate a plant that would produce 100% satisfactory parts wich good productivity. A sophisticated, petitive world is requiring that manufacturing begin to settle for more, to bee itself sophisticated. To meet petition, for example, a pany will have to meet the somewhat conflicting demands for greater product diversification, higher quality, improved productivity , higher quality, improved productivity and prices. The pany that seeks to meet these demands will need a sophisticated tool, one that will allow it to respond quickly to customer needs while getting the most out of its manufacturing resources. The puter is that tool. Being a ―superquality, superproductivity‖ plant requires the integration of an extremely plex system .This can be acplished only when all extremely plex system. This can be acplished only when all elements of manufacturingdesign, fabrication and assembly, quality assurance, management, materials handingare puter integrated. In product design, for example, interactive puteraideddesign(CAD) systems allow the drawing and analysis tasks to be performed in a fraction of the time allow the drawing and 機(jī)械專業(yè)中英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 analysis tasks to be performed in a fration of the time previously required and greater accuracy. And programs for prototype testing testing and evaluation further speed the design process. In manufacturing planning, puteraided process planning permits the selection, from thousands of possible sequences and schedules,of the optimum process. On the shop floor, distributed intlligence in the form of microprocessors controls, runs automated loading and unloading equipment, and collects data on current shopconditions. But such isolated revolutions are not enough. What is nended is a totally automated system, linked by mon software from front door to back. Essentially, puter integration provides widely and instantaneously available, accurate information, improving munication between departments, permitting tighter control, and generally enhancing the overall quality and efficiency of the entire system. Improved munication can mean, for example, designs that are more producible. The NC programmer and the tool designer have a chang to influence the product designer, and vice versa. Engineering changes,can be reduced,and those that are required can be handled more only dose the puter permit them to be specicified more quickly, but it also alers subsequent users of the data to the fact that a change has been made. The instantaneous updating of productioncontrol data permits better planning and moreeffective scheduling . Expensive equipment, therefore, is used more productively, and parts move more efficiently through production, reducing workinprocess coats. Product quality, too, can be improved. Not only are moreaccurate designs produced, for example,but the use of design data by the qualityassurance department helps eliminate errors due to misunderstandings. People are enabled to do their jobs eliminating tedious calculations and paperwork—not to mention time wasted searching for information—the puter not only allows workers to be more productive but also frees them to do what only human being can do: think creatively. Computer integration may also lure new people into manufacturing. People are attracted because they want to work in a modern, technologically sophisticated enviroment. In manufacturing engineering, CAD/CAM decreases tooldesign,NCprogramming, and planning times while speeding the response rate, which will eventually permit inhous staff to perform work that is currently being contracted out. 二 、 Numerical Control One of the most fundamental concepts in the area of advanced mannufacturing technologies is numerical control(NC). Prior to the advent of NC, all machine tools were manually operated and controlled. Among the many limitations associated with manual control machine tolls. Perhaps none is more prominent than the limitation of operator skills. With manual control, the quality of the peoduct is directly related to and limited to the skills of the operator. Numerical control represents the first major step away from human control of machine tools. Numerical control means the control of machine tools and other manufacturing systems through the use of prerecorded, writt