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2025-01-27 03:28本頁面
【正文】 general, the current environmental risk assessment follows several characteristics and trends in abroad: Research focus from human health risk assessment transferred to the ecological risk assessment。 the second step for the analysis phase (analysis phase), mainly from the exposure and ecological effects characterization of two aspects。 in 1992, the syllabus of ecological risk assessment guidelines has been ing up [11], in principle, given the framework of ecological risk assessment. From the research point of view, it is same as the NAS39。 in 1980’s, the risk assessment has been development a lot, it was the technical preparation phase of the risk assessment system. United States National Academy of Sciences (NAS, 1983) [1] proposed risk assessment consists of four parts, known as the Risk Assessment of the four step that is, against the identification, evaluation of doseeffect relationship, exposure assessment and risk characterization. It also named properly definition for all parts. Thus, the basic framework of risk assessment has been formed. Based on this, the . EPA formula and promulgate the series of technical papers, guidelines, or guidelines of risk assessment. However, most rules were human health risk evaluation. For example, in 1986, issued a carcinogenic risk assessment, [2] teratogenic risk assessment, [3] the chemical mixture health risk assessment, [4] Development of toxic health risk assessment, [5] exposure assessment, [6] Superfund site (Superfund sites) hazard evaluation and risk assessment [7] and other guidelines. Also in 1988, it released with the object drug (sytemictoxicants) [8] and the performance of male and female reproductive toxicology [9, 10] and other evaluation guide. In 1989, the . EPA was revised the guidance from 1986. Therefore, since 1989, risk assessment of the scientific system has basically shaping, and constant development and improvement phase. It can be seen that the original risk assessment is mainly limited to human health risk assessment。 on the other hand, it is the birth of the urgent need for environmental protection, environmental science, and the inevitable result of the development. It is a transition which marks an important environmental protection strategy, so that from the management of pollution to the prepollution forecast and the implementation of effective management. Many countries’ environmental protection agencies and relevant international anizations start to focus on this problem. The risk assessment emerged in several industrialized countries i
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