【正文】 考查不定式。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處接在動(dòng)詞anticipate后作賓語(yǔ)，用動(dòng)名詞。20. I didn’t anticipate______(have) to do the cooking myself. 【答案】having【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處為非謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)，get與主語(yǔ)是邏輯主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，做伴隨狀語(yǔ)。19. —Where is David?—He is upstairs______(get) ready to go out. 【答案】getting【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析可知，此處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)people和use之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：中國(guó)人使用筷子已經(jīng)五千年了。分析句子可知，此句已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，空格應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且motivate“激勵(lì)”和邏輯主語(yǔ)the headteacher“班主任”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，并且是伴隨謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，故填motivating。17. The headteacher had a class meeting,______ (motivate) the students to be the best of themselves.【答案】motivating【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處接在動(dòng)詞learn后作賓語(yǔ)，一般用不定式形式。二、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子16. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn______(breathe) more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain. 【答案】to breathe【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?！白鍪中g(shù)”是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，表示被動(dòng)完成，所以用過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。句意：做了一個(gè)滿意的手術(shù)，大衛(wèi)的父親在醫(yī)生和護(hù)士的照顧下很快就會(huì)康復(fù)。故選C項(xiàng)。句意：我過去開車上班，現(xiàn)在我習(xí)慣了走路。 walking D. driving。 walk B. driving。故選B項(xiàng)。他該到了。13. —Did you hear someone ___________ at the door?—Yes, it must be John. It’s time for him to get here.A. knocks B. knocking C. knocked D. to knock【答案】B【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：那位知識(shí)淵博的教授告訴我們，建造發(fā)電廠要充分利用這些材料的每一部分。故選D。第一個(gè)空考查固定短語(yǔ)，approve of表示贊同，同意。句意：關(guān)于家庭教育的觀念有很多分歧，但是大多數(shù)人會(huì)傾向于同意下面這個(gè)事情。 involving D. of。 involved B. of。11. Opinions on family education are divided, but most people tend to approve _______this. Only those parents ________ in their children39。這里是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)，賓語(yǔ)themselves和cut off之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)?！癱ut off”表示“隔絕、隔斷”；“cut up”表示“切碎”。10. Without the Internet, they found themselves ______ from the outside world.A. cut off B. cutting offC. cut up D. cutting up【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析和過去分詞。所以應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。句意：這項(xiàng)國(guó)際協(xié)議于2月27日簽署，旨在鼓勵(lì)兒童戒煙，幫助人們戒煙。故選C。consist of由……組成，為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞the medical team。 will be【答案】C【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主謂一致。 will beC. consisting of。8. I’ve been told that the medical team, _________ five doctors and ten nurses, _________ sent to the floodstricken area.A. consisting of。句子主語(yǔ)He和leave之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)；固定搭配：leave +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，此處his face和expose之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，是過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 exposing【答案】A【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)和過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 exposingC. left。7. He dived into the water, _________ only his face _________.A. leaving。A. tears came into his eyes(淚水涌上了他的眼睛)； B. his eyes were filled with tears(他的眼里充滿了淚水)；C. he burst into tears(他突然哭了起來)；D. the stories touched him deeply(這些故事深深地感動(dòng)了他)。6. Reading this instructive book, _________.A. tears came into his eyes B. his eyes were filled with tearsC. he burst into tears D. the stories touched him deeply.【答案】C【解析】考查句子分析與主語(yǔ)一致。句意：由于缺乏自信，她在選美比賽中沒有被授予選美皇后。故選C項(xiàng)。句意：他是村里第一個(gè)成立公司的人，為此他投入了大量的時(shí)間和精力。 to which D. to set up。 to what B. setting up。故選C。句意：一個(gè)有才華的畫家可以感覺到，在無(wú)數(shù)可能的形狀和顏色中，某些形狀和顏色對(duì)他們來說是特別有趣的，值得展示給公眾。 showing D. is。 showing B. are。故選C。分析句子可知，逗號(hào)后面是一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)，如果用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)，則為：his mind made up。make up one39。2. Frank went back home, to study much harder than before.A. with his mind making up B. his mind making upC. with his mind made up D. his mind being made up【答案】C【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用不定式表目的。根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句是定語(yǔ)從句。句意：此刻的生活事件被放置在你的經(jīng)驗(yàn)中，為你提供一個(gè)完美的背景。注意：need, want, require表示“需要”時(shí)，“need/want/require to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)表示主動(dòng)意義，意為“需要做某事”，“sth. needs/wants/requires doing/to be done”結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)意義，意為“某事需要被做”。15．We39。設(shè)空處意為“說”，與被修飾詞languages之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞做后置定語(yǔ)。sweep的過去式和過去分詞形式分別是swept、_swept。13．Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got ________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.答案與解析　swept　句意：帕拉森和丈夫現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為戒指可能是被掃到一堆廚房垃圾里去了。take out 與magazine是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系， 故此處填不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，填to be taken。根據(jù)句意可知該處是動(dòng)詞不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)，故填to replace。choose_(選擇)—chose—chosen。10．(20209．(20208．To the Chinese people, bamboo is the symbol of virtue, ________ (reflect) people39。全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Everyone was silent, ________ (wait) to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.答案與解析　waiting　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句主干是Everyone was silent，主系表結(jié)構(gòu)完整，故wait應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。 others were nervous and anxious.答案與解析　to take　根據(jù)be eager to do sth. “渴望做某事”的用法可知，此處應(yīng)用不定式做狀語(yǔ)，故填to take。6．(2018t have to run fast or for long ________ (see) the benefit.答案與解析　to see　句意：你不必為了弄清跑步的好處而跑得很快或很久。5．(20184．(2019設(shè)空處做名詞plans的后置定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填to retire。year173。3．(2019we與listen 之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系， 表主動(dòng)和伴隨，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)。全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)On the last day of our week173。note在本句中意為“特別提到；指出”。設(shè)空處做介詞by的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故填noting?！Z(yǔ)法填空解題技法練習(xí)1．(2019ing形式時(shí)，一定要去掉結(jié)尾的字母e，再加ing。5．如果做賓補(bǔ)，首先需要弄清設(shè)空處與賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系，如果是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，答案可能是to do、 doing或不帶to的不定式；如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，答案可能是being done、 to be done或done。4．如果做目的狀語(yǔ)或表意外的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)或在形容詞后做狀語(yǔ)，用動(dòng)詞不定式。2．如果做定語(yǔ)，要判斷該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與被修飾詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系，再根據(jù)不定式、動(dòng)詞－ing、過去分詞做定語(yǔ)的用法確定設(shè)空處所需形式?！?技巧】▲核心技法回顧對(duì)于語(yǔ)法填空中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的解答，首先通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷設(shè)空處是否應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，然后根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法確定具體。該句含有“see＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語(yǔ)some elderly people與practice是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且根據(jù)語(yǔ)境表正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故用現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)。“被要求做某事”，不定式在句中做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。 12．(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay) and watch.答案與解析　to stay　句意：一旦傳達(dá)了他的信息，他就允許我待在那里觀察。t go skating with you.因?yàn)橛泻芏嘧鳂I(yè)要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。不定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。With his hair cut, he looked much younger.理了發(fā)，他看起來年輕多了。過去分詞可表示被動(dòng)和動(dòng)作已完成。He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.他躺在草地上，眼望著天空?，F(xiàn)在分詞可表示主動(dòng)和動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.在飛機(jī)起飛前一個(gè)小時(shí)，克萊爾把行李進(jìn)行了安檢。do表主動(dòng)和完成(被動(dòng)句中to還原)，doing表主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行，done表被動(dòng)或完成。The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.醫(yī)生警告他不要吃太多的肉。如：advise、 allow、 ask、 beg、 cause、 encourage、 expect、 forbid、 force、 invite、 persuade、 teach、 remind、 warn、 wish、 call on、 depend on等。use與soap是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞做狀語(yǔ)表。10．(2018全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ________ (improve) water quality.答案與解析　to impro