【正文】 ots to have the same kind of revolution.
　　真正讓我受到啟示的是 方法演技。s time just like method acting changed the way people thought about acting in the 19th century, from going from the very calculated, planned way of behaving, to a more intuitive, risktaking, embodied way of behaving. Maybe itamp。 Whatever that means. (Laughter) Sounds painful. Whereas the people with the calculated brain said it was just like a lazy apprentice. It only did what it was supposed to do and nothing more. Which is almost what people expect robots to do, so I was surprised that people had higher expectations of robots, than what anybody in robotics thought robots should be doing. And in a way, I thought, maybe itamp。By the end, we were good friends and highfived mentally.amp。. When they talked about it after the task with the adventurous brain, they said, amp。sheamp。 or amp。heamp。 And nobody ever called it amp。it.amp。 whereas people with the calculated brain called it amp。she,amp。 and amp。heamp。s call it the adventurous brain. It sometimes acts without knowing everything it has to know. It sometimes makes mistakes and corrects them. And I had them do this very tedious task that took almost 20 minutes and they had to work together. Somehow simulating like a factory job of repetitively doing the same thing. And what I found was that people actually loved the adventurous robot. And they thought it was more intelligent, more mitted, a better member of the team, contributed to the success of the team more. They even called it amp。s call it the calculated brain. The other got more the stage actor, risk taker brain. Letamp。s kind of the traditional, calculated robotic brain. It waits for its turn, it analyzes everything, it plans. Letamp。s a little bit like what you might see actors do when they try to mirror each other to find the right synchrony between them. And then, I did another experiment, and I got people off the street to use the robotic desk lamp, and try out this idea of embodied artificial intelligence. So, I actually used two kinds of brains for the same robot. The robot is the same lamp that you saw, and I put in it two brains. For one half of the people, I put in a brain thatamp。s look at it. You can see when I psych it out, it gets fooled. And itamp。s what you saw before with the actors. And I thought: How can we make an artificial intelligence model puter, putational model that will model some of these ideas of improvisation, of taking risks, of taking chances, even of making mistakes. Maybe it can make for better robotic teammates. So I worked for quite a long time on these models and I implemented them on a number of robots. Here you can see a very early example with the robots trying to use this embodied artificial intelligence, to try to match my movements as closely as possible, sort of like a game. Letamp。 And I even took another month to do what was then the first theater play with a human and a robot acting together. Thatamp。Acting Lessons for Artificial Intelligence.amp。t just think with our brains and use our bodies to move. but our bodies feed back into our brain to generate the way that we behave. And it was like a lightning bolt. I went back to my office. I wrote this paper which I never really published called amp。t have to plan every muscle in your body. Instead you have to use your body to find the right movement. You have to use your sense memory to reconstruct the emotions and kind of think with your body to find the right expression. Improvise, play off yor scene partner. And this came at the same time as I was reading about this trend in cognitive psychology called embodied cognition. Which also talks about the same ideas We use our bodies to think, we donamp。
　　But the real revelation was when I learned about method acting. It became very popular in the 20th century. And method acting said, you donamp。(笑聲) 這本書已經(jīng)躺了12020年了， 只為了借機器人之名被重新發(fā)現(xiàn)。 我找到了每一本關于表演的書， 其中包括一本從圖書館里借來的 19世紀的書。 我放下了我的博士課程，去上了表演課。
　　But I wanted my robot to be less of a chess player, and more like a doer that just clicks and works together. So I made my second horrible career choice: I decided to study acting for a semester. I took off from a . I went to acting classes. I actually participated in a play, I hope theres no video of that around still. And I got every book I could find about acting, including one from the 19th centur