【正文】 特殊用法：（1）it做形式主語(yǔ)： It + fun/nice/（a。（I位于主語(yǔ)的位置，但充當(dāng)邏輯賓語(yǔ)，所以用被動(dòng)式）Leave sb at home留某人在家三．動(dòng)名詞可在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑褐髡Z(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ) 1．主語(yǔ)例：Learning new words is very useful to me。He was praised for having finished the work。動(dòng)名詞加賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。to plete be carried out。to plete out。hidden。missed her mother had e, her face lit heard she heard arrived at their university very late, ______ the gate closely you have anything more ______, sir? can have a rest or do something be type manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going be informing a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the settled those ______ the children from abroad e to the headmaster’s office? teaching ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language interviewed apologized for ______ to attend the not being being not able not being able not would not allow him ______ across the enemy risk to go risk to going to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants(變異體)of genes in human exposed being exposed became the 143rd member of the World Trade Organization on December 11, 2001, thus ______ its 15year wish to join the global trade realize looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted out the words ______ in his heart for 。lost search。swimming swim。trembled, the girls raced on to the second in a stick in her hand in in hands of them got up early ______ to catch the early pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said! hear should prevent pollution ______ live am busy now, so I can’t help ______ the have came very close ______ a gold medal for Britain in the be won boy seated himself in the corner with his back ______ to his be the way, when did you get your bedroom ______?Last be painted likes ______, but he doesn’t like ______ today because it is too swim。第四篇：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí) ______ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great been policeman rushed into the room only ______ an old lady lying on the find boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______ and his hands 。分詞的被動(dòng)形式 分詞的被動(dòng)形式表示分詞動(dòng)作同所修飾的名詞有一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Having had my supper, I went out for a ，我出去散步了。分詞的完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面發(fā)生。Seeing the teacher is ing, the students stopped ，學(xué)生們停下來(lái)不玩了。t dare to go to 。not + 分詞Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to ，她停下來(lái)等著。（別人修理的）They have their house 。I have my hair 。（分詞）a swimming pool 游泳的池子（動(dòng)名詞）Being a student, he likes to help a new pair of glasses, she can read is there waiting for by the teacher, she knew she was The story is are interested in glass is water is 可以跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。分詞和動(dòng)名詞都可以作定語(yǔ)，判斷是分詞還是動(dòng)名詞，可以根據(jù)它們和被修飾詞有無(wú)邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系來(lái)判斷，有主謂關(guān)系的是分詞，否則判斷為動(dòng)名詞。s an interesting girl singing for us is ten years ，如果是分詞詞組則放在被修飾的名詞之后，如被修飾的名詞是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分詞放在被修飾名詞的后面。而過(guò)去分詞的形式則在動(dòng)詞后面加 ，狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。reading text 閱讀課文 〔動(dòng)名詞〕 developing country 發(fā)展中國(guó)家 〔分詞〕a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔動(dòng)名詞〕 boiled water 開水 〔分詞〕●分 詞分詞是由動(dòng)詞 +ing 或 動(dòng)詞 + ed 構(gòu)成，它在句中起形容詞或副詞的作用，可以作定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)。s stop to have a 。Stop smoking, 。I like promised to help love watching )remember, forget, regret后面跟動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，后面跟不定式時(shí)，不定式表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。能跟不定式的動(dòng)詞有：decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage,能跟動(dòng)名詞和不定式的動(dòng)詞有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start,動(dòng)詞后面跟動(dòng)名詞還是不定式，含義不相同，總的來(lái)說(shuō)，表示習(xí)慣的，一般性的動(dòng)作多跟動(dòng)名詞，一次性的具體的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作多跟不定式。能跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞有：avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can39。）His being looked down upon made him can39。We considered not doing it 。s very difficult climbing this )動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)The nurse39。s no use waiting here, let39。1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)：Talking like that is not from others is on more clothes is not so good.（注：動(dòng)名詞可以象動(dòng)詞不定式一樣，用 it 先行祠代替，而把動(dòng)名詞寫在后面。There are much work to be 。動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式： 表示不定式動(dòng)詞同所修飾的名詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。s necessary for us to help each 。注意：邏輯主語(yǔ)用賓格形式，for 本身無(wú)實(shí)際意義，它只表明后面的主語(yǔ)從邏輯上分析是不定式的主語(yǔ)。t know when to 。Where to go is not known 。s unfair not to tell 。動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式：not + to + 動(dòng)詞原形The teacher told us not to swim in that 。：We went to the hospital to see our 。：There are many ways to solve the 。 ：What I should do is to finish the task 。We expect you to be with 。s necessary to find the 。s very kind of you to have given us much 。s my pleasure to help ，而用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)放在原主語(yǔ)的位置上。Our ing made him happy.（ing 起名詞作用）There are two big swimming pools here.(swimming 起形容詞作用)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式變化：不定式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般to writeto be written進(jìn)行to be writing完成to have writtento have been written完成進(jìn)行to have been writing現(xiàn) 在 分 詞主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般writingbeing written完成having writtenhaving been written過(guò)去分詞主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般written動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般writing being written完成having writtenhaving been written●動(dòng) 詞 不 定 式：動(dòng)詞不定式是由 to + 動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，在句中起名詞，形容詞和副詞的作用，可以擔(dān)任除謂語(yǔ)以外的其它任何成分。s too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.（for him 作不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍有語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。（help 后跟賓語(yǔ)）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以帶有自己的狀語(yǔ)或邏輯主語(yǔ)。（do 用原形）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特征：如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，后面須跟賓語(yǔ)。（teaches 動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)） came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.（to have a talk....不定式作狀語(yǔ)）2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制，而非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式?jīng)]有這種限制。Climbing mountain is a good exercise.(Climbing..., 動(dòng)名詞起名詞作用）Do you know the man wearing a white shirt.（wearing..分詞起形容詞作用）He gets up early to catch the first bus.(to catch...不定式起副詞作用)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：1)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，而非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。killing speech which he made ________ the football match bored a lot of fans to concerned concerned no money but _______ to know, he simply said he would go without to want anyone no one wanting anyone want no one remotecontrolled bomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday, ______ at least 20 been injured injured ’s matter with Tim?’s cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never ______ find be found