【正文】 意義明確，常常省略到to。want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o ught to , need to , used to , be able to 6．不定式作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)注意兩種關(guān)系： 1）動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：He has a lot of meeting to lend me something to write is looking for a room to live He is looking for a room to live has no money and no place to live(in).I think the best way to travel(by)is on is no time to think(about).2）主謂關(guān)系：She is always the last(person)to speak at the ’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post.(邏輯主語(yǔ)是I)Thank I have no letters to be posted now(邏輯主語(yǔ)不是I)7．不定式作狀語(yǔ)，可以有以下幾種意義： 1）原因He is lucky to get here on ：happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy2)目的He came to help me with my )結(jié)果I hurried to get there only to find him book is too hard for the boy to is old enough to go to I saw him play in the street just 的不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice 注: 當(dāng)這些詞為被動(dòng)式時(shí)，不定式要帶to , 如：He was seen to play in the street just ．動(dòng)名詞Learning English is very 。His job is driving a 。I enjoy 。I have got used to living in the 。Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall ，你很快就會(huì)入睡。注意以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：1．There’s no telling what will happen.=It’s impossible to tell what will happen.= No one can tell what will ．It’s no use talking with ’s no good speaking to them like ．There’s some difficulty(in)doing … 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下單詞替換: trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time 注意以下幾個(gè)問題：1．下列動(dòng)詞后跟不定式與跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)意義有區(qū)別，forget to do … 忘記要做某事 forget doing… 忘記做了某事 remember to do…記住要做某事 remember doing …記著做了某事 mean to do …有意要做某事 mean doing …意味著做了某事 regret to do … 對(duì)要做的事表示后悔 regret doing … 對(duì)做過(guò)去的事后悔 can’t help to do…不能幫助做某事 can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事 try to do …盡力去做某事 try doing試著做某事 learn to do …學(xué)著去做某事 learn doing …學(xué)會(huì)做某事stop to do …停下來(lái)去做（另一件事）stop doing …停止做某事 go on to do …接著做（另外一件事）go on doing … 繼續(xù)做某事 used to do …過(guò)去做某事 be used to doing …習(xí)慣做某事2．動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)意義有區(qū)別 動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表達(dá)n+ for doing 的含義現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表達(dá) n+which(who)be doing的含義 如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping a running horse = a horse which is running 前者是動(dòng)名詞，后者是現(xiàn)在分詞又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy 3． 動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)：動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為代詞或名詞的所有格形式。例如：His ing made us very ．動(dòng)名詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)5． 動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)的情況：need doing , want doing , require doing例如： This room needs 。6．只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , plete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ，三． 分詞 The story is ’m interested in ，我對(duì)這個(gè)故事感興趣。 is a moving 。 secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the ，為主席準(zhǔn)備一篇長(zhǎng)篇演講稿。 more time , I’ll do it ，我會(huì)做的更好。When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the ，看到小偷正從銀行偷錢。應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：1．現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ? The soldier wounded in the war has bee a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has bee a is a developing country and America is a developed ．分詞作表語(yǔ) The news sounds got very ）現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別： The news is is interested in he news 作表語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系 ；done 作表語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。2）表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)式的區(qū)別：The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming.（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作）The blackboard is ’d better have it repaired.（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）3）常作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞：amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done3．現(xiàn)在分詞、動(dòng)名詞 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別The situation in our country is encouraging.(表語(yǔ))The situation in our country is encouraging the people.(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))My job is looking after the little baby.(動(dòng)名詞)能回答howquestion 的是現(xiàn)在分詞，能回答whatquestion 的動(dòng)名詞，即不能回答howquestion 也不能回答whatquestion 的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is is your job ? My job is looking after the little ．注意的四種結(jié)構(gòu)：have something to do 有某事要做 have something done 使某事被做have somebody do something 使某人做某事 have something doing 讓某事一直做著 5． 需要跟反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞： seat , prepare , hide , dress如：I seated myself on the was seated on the ．分詞做狀語(yǔ)與不定式的區(qū)別：分詞做狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件、方式、伴隨等；而不定式表示目的和結(jié)果。Having finished the homework , I went home.（時(shí)間）Being a Party member , I should work hard.（原因）Given more time ,I can do my work better.（條件）He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy.（伴隨）To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder.(目的)He is old enough to join the army.（結(jié)果）7．分詞、動(dòng)名詞和不定式作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別a running horse 現(xiàn)在分詞 = a horse that is running a fallen leaf 過(guò)去分詞 = a leaf that has already fallen a walking stick 動(dòng)名詞 = a stick for walkingsomething to do 不定式 = something that I should do 8．不定式被動(dòng)式、分詞的被動(dòng)式和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別： I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting.(將來(lái))The building being built on the river is the Science Museum.（正在進(jìn)行）The building pleted three years ago is now in bad conditions.（過(guò)去）9．分詞做狀語(yǔ)需要注意的一個(gè)問題：分詞與句子主語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful.(錯(cuò)誤)Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful.（正確）Seeing 與the city 不是主謂關(guān)系；seen 與city 是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 練習(xí) of the people _____ to the party were famous invite invited many times, but he still couldn’t understand being told had been told was told told reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock by the side of the have rested rest next morning she found the man ______ in bed , purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , _______ it more make to make making not make Olympic Games , _____ in 776 ., did not include women plays until playing be first played played be first playing were brave enough to raise objections at the , now I regret do be doing have done visiting Minister expressed his satisfac